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10 Terms
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Null Hypothesis
a hypothesis that there is no significant difference between specified populations
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Null Distribution
the distribution of two sets of data under a null hypothesis
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p-value
probability of a specific statistical measure
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test statistic
describes how far your observed data is from the null hypothesis
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critical values
the value of the test statistic which defines the upper and lower bounds of a confidence interval, or which defines the threshold of statistical significance in a statistical test
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confidence intervals
the probability that a population parameter will fall between a set of values for a certain proportion of times
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one sided vs two sided test
A one-tailed test looks for an “increase” or “decrease” in the parameter whereas a two-tailed test looks for a “change” (could be increase or decrease) in the parameter
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significance level
statistical significance is determined by citing an alpha level, or the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true
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type 1 vs type 2
A type I error (false-positive) occurs if an investigator rejects a null hypothesis that is actually true in the population; a type II error (false-negative) occurs if the investigator fails to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false in the population
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standard deviation
a measure of how dispersed the data is in relation to the mean