Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter

EM radiation

________ of shorter wavelengths, such as ultraviolet light, x- rays, and gamma rays, has enough energy to eject electrons from atoms entirely.

UVA

________ rays also can lead to eye cataracts.

high intensity

The damage from repeated exposure to ionizing radiation can accumulate from many photons in a(n) ________ doss.

Sunglasses

(________ offer protection for eye from these harmful rays .)

sunscreens

Some ________ contain chemicals that absorb the energy from UV radiation and prevent it from penetrating the skin.

Damage

________ to the dermis contributes to wrinkles and sagging skin.

Sunscreen

________: protects skin from the damaging energy of both UVA and UVB rays.

UV radiation

________ can penetrate clouds, so you can still be exposed to ________ on overcast days.

Transparent

________: materials permit radiation in a frequency range to transmit through.

Opaque

________: Matter that absorbs or reflects all incoming radiation in a particular frequency range.

Auroras

________ display dynamic patterns of brilliant lights that appear as curtains, rays, spirals, or dynamic flickers covering the entire sky.

photon

If the ________ has enough energy, it can even ionize the atom by causing an electron to leave the atom entirely, giving the atom a positive charge.

High energy

________ photons /radiation, also known as ionizing radiation, can damage living tissue, such as skin cells.

Black body radiation

________: refers to the spectrum of light emitted by any heated object;

Electrons

________ can absorb the energy from a photon when they collide and that the electron becomes excited and jumps to a higher energy level.

UVB

________ rays penetrate the epidermis and cause redness and sunburn.

Characteristic photons

________ are created when orbital electrons of target atoms are removed from their shell and outer- shell electrons fill inner- shell vacancies.

Visible light

________ and longer wavelengths are generally converted into thermal energy.

physical objects

All ________ in the universe emit electromagnetic radiation, and this radiation is a function of temperature.

UVB radiation

________ can also damage DNA, which increases the risk of skin cancer.

high energy radiation

The danger from a(n) ________ is dose dependent, and it can be minimized by controlling the cumulative amount of time the exposure was and with the appropriate use of distance and shielding.

UVA

________ rays penetrate the epidermis and disperse in the dermis.

photon

The ________ that is emitted has a frequency that is determined by the change in energy (delta E) of the electron.

UVA

The energy in ________ and UVB is less than in UVC, but lower- energy ________ and UVB rays can still damage skin and eye cells.

UVA

Only ________ and UVB radiation reach Earth's surface and interact with human tissue; UVC is absorbed by ozone in Earth's atmosphere.

Opaque

Matter that absorbs or reflects all incoming radiation in a particular frequency range

Transparent

 materials permit radiation in a frequency range to transmit through

Black-body 

is an idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation, regardless of frequency or angle of incidence

Black body radiation

refers to the spectrum of light emitted by any heated object;

If the damage is not repaired, or if the rate of damage to cells exceeds the rate of repair for a long enough period of time, cancer may develop.(Skin Cancer)

Melanoma

The Sun's Damaging Rays UV radiation occurs in three bands

UVA (315-400 m), UVB (280-315 nm) and UVC (100-280 m)

Sunscreen

protects skin from the damaging energy of both UVA and UVB rays