Anatomy and Physiology

Flashcards for Anatomy and Physiology review.

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body.

Physiology

The study of the function of the body.

Gross (Macro) Anatomy

Larger, visible structures.

Microanatomy

Microscopic structures.

Metabolism

The chemical reactions that maintain homeostasis.

Anabolism

Smaller particles combine to make larger ones, using energy.

Catabolism

Larger particles break apart to make smaller ones, releasing energy.

Receptor

Senses change in the body (e.g. temperature receptors in skin).

Control Center

Processes the sensory information, “makes a decision,” and directs the response (often hypothalamus of the brain).

Effector

Carries out the final corrective action to restore homeostasis (e.g. cell or organ).

Intracellular

Inside the cell.

Extracellular

Outside the cell.

Sagittal Plane

Vertical plane divides the body into left and right.

Transverse Plane

Horizontal plane divides the body into above/below.

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Vertical plane divides the body into front/back.

Anterior (Ventral)

Referring to the front.

Posterior (Dorsal)

Referring to the back.

Inferior (Caudal)

Situated below.

Superior (Cranial)

Situated above.

Lateral

Away from the midline.

Medial

Toward the midline.

Proximal

Nearest the point of attachment.

Distal

Farthest from the point of attachment.

Superficial

Toward the surface.

Deep

Away from the surface.

Brachium

Upper Arm

Antebrachium

Forearm

Carpal

Wrist

Palmar

Palm

Femoral

Thigh

Crural

Lower Leg

Tarsal

Ankle

Patellar

Front of Knee

Popliteal

Back of Knee

Plantar

Bottom of foot

Circumduction

Circular movement of a limb or body part.

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between bones.

Extension

Increasing the angle between bones.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline.

Adduction

Movement toward the midline.

Supination

Palms face up.

Pronation

Palms face down.

Inversion

Soles face inward.

Eversion

Soles face outward.