islam final groups

fatah

Secular Palestinian nationalist movement founded in 1959; seeks Palestinian liberation without Islamist ideology. Became the dominant faction in the PLO and led by Yasser Arafat, later Mahmoud Abbas

What is Fatah’s role in the PLO, PA, and Palestinian governance?

Largest faction in the PLO, leading its diplomatic strategy and peace negotiations (e.g., Oslo Accords). After the 2007 split, Fatah governs the West Bank through the Palestinian Authority, while Hamas controls Gaza also 2006 lost election to Hamas

Hamas

Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, founded in 1987 during the First Intifada; it blends Palestinian nationalism with Islamism, rejects peace agreements with Israel, governs Gaza since 2007, and operates both a political wing and an armed wing (the Qassam Brigades).

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when was Hamas founded

1987

when was fatah founded

1959

who was PIJ inspired by and later funded by

Iran

when and where was PIJ founded

1981 in Gaza

what is the ideology of the PIJ

Completely islamist not nationalist, sees liberation of palestine as a religious duty, they want nothing to do with politics

when and in response to what was hizbollah founded

1982- the israeli invasion in lebanon

what was hizbollah inspired by

Iran’s islamic revolution in 1979

who suported hizbollah

syria and iran (irgc)

what is hizbollahs ideology

shii islamist movement

describe amal and hizbollahs relationship

in the 8-s they fought over control of shii areas, but syrian and iran pushed them to cooperate, so tehy formed March 8 Alliance which is a unified shia bloc

(amal= political heavy weight) (hizbollah= military powerhouse)

when was Amal founded

1974

what did amal fight for

protection and political inclusion of Shia

when was AQI founded and by who

2004 by zarqawi

descrobe zarqawi and AQI ideology

sectarian jihadists group that targeted shia civilians

what event did AQI trigger

Iraq’s cicivl war (after bombing a shii shrine)

what did AQI eveolve into after zarqawi’s death

ISI—> ISIS

where is ISIS

iraq and syria

when did ISIS declare a caliphate

2014 after they took control of Mosul and Raqqa

what is ISIS ideology

hyper-literal jihadists

what did ISIS governance structures contain

religious police, courts, bureaucracy, taxation

who led ISIS

baghdadi

who did ISIS kill

minorities like Yazidis

when did ISI change name to ISIS

2013

when was ISIS-K officially reocgnized and by who

2015 by Baghdadi

where is the region that ISIS-K covers

afghanistan, pakistan, and iran

when did ISKP emerge

2014

what are the goals of ISKP

global borderless caliphate and violent jihad against all opponents

what does ISKP think of the taliban

they are apostates and nationalists who are too soft

what is the ISIS-K’s position on minorities liek shii

extremely anti-shii

describe taliban ideology

nationalist islamists

what is the goal of the taliban

to build the islamic emirate of afghanistan

describe the rule of the talibans over time

strong in the 90s, fell in the 2000s because of US involvement, when US ended the war then they rose again in 2021

when did the taliban emerge

1994

what was the talibans relationship with Al-Qaeda

allies in the 90s and sheltered bin laden after 9/11 and today they still tolerate al qaeda but deny operational ties as they don’t want to be involved in global jihad

what is the talibans stance on minorities

they kill them but they dont believe all shia must be exterminated globally

who when and why was PLO founded

the arab league in 1964 to unify Palestinian groups

what role did PLO play for Palestinian people

it was their international representative

what peace agreements did the PLO help come to

the Oslo accords

describe PLOs shift in ideology/actions

used to be armed struggle but shifted to diplomacy

where did the PLO start and get expelled from

Jordan and Lebanon and relocated to Tunis

when was the PA founded

1993 (like the oslo accords)

why was PA created

temporary gov for palestinians until a final agreement was reached

where does PA govern today

areas of the west bank

what is the relationship between the PLO and PA

PLO= international representative PA= adminstrative/governing body

who leads the PA

Abbas (chairman of PLO)