Studied by 6 people
polar
anything with two opposite sides that are opposite with respect to something (ex. charge)
polar bond
an ionic or covalent bond that has opposite full or partial charges on each side (one side partially positive and one side partially negative), because of donation or unequal sharing of electrons
inter-
between
intra-
within
ionic bonds (metal + nonmetal, ΔEN >1.7)
e- donation, results in full charges forming on the e- donor and the e- recipient
coulombic force
the electrostatic charge attraction between ions, the force holding together ionic bonds (not true bonds)
polar covalent bonds (nonmetal + nonmetal, ΔEN = 0.35-1.7)
e- are shared unevenly between two atoms, results in partial charges forming on each atom involved
electron density maps
maps displaying uneven sharing of e- or partial charges by showing regions of high electron density (partial negative regions) in red and low electron density (partial positive regions) in blue
non polar covalent bonds (ΔEN=-0-0.35)
e- are shared evenly between the two atoms due to a really low difference in EN, resulting in no charges forming
metallic bonds
occurs between metal atoms in which valence electrons create a “sea of electrons” which are delocalized and not associated with any one atom/nucleus
conductors
delocalized electrons can “flow: in a certain direction through the matter, creating an electrical current
malleable
possible for the atoms to slide past each other when the metal is deformed instead of fracturing
bond character
what a bond ACTS like based on the difference in electronegativities between the two elements
large difference in electronegativity
points to electrons being associated with one element more than the other
ionic character of a bond formula
I = 1 - e ^(-Δx²/4)
bond type
how a chemical bond ACTUALLY behaves
affected by bond character (ΔEN) but also by nature of the materials themselves (EN values)
intramolecular forces
forces which hold a molecule together
strength of intramolecular forces
represented by bond dissociation energies
