l1;units and measurements-l2; scalars and vectors

scalars

quantities that are specified by a magnitude only

magnitude

composed of a number and a unit
tells the numerical value and unit of a quantity.

vectors

quantities that are specified by both magnitude and direction

vectors

represented by a symbol arrow

head of arrow

represents direction

tail of arrow

represents the origin

body of arrow

represents the magnitude

resultant vector

The sum of two or more vectors

graphical or polygon method

In this method, the vectors are drawn as arrows and connected one after another. To close the polygon, another arrow is drawn. This arrow is the resultant vector

Parallelogram method

The resultant of TWO vectors acting at any angle may be represented by the diagonal of a parallelogram

analytical method

uses mathematics to solve the resultant of two or more vectors

pythagorean theorem

the square of the longest side in a right triangle is equal to the sum of the square of the shorter sides

Sine Law

states that the proportionality of the sides and their corresponding angles can be used to solve the missing dimensions of a non-right triangle

Cosine law

can also be used to solve for the missing dimension (length of either sides) of a non-right triangle.

Physics

most basic of the natural sciences with the most general and fundamental laws of nature

physis

“nature or natural things”

descriptive

deals with conceptual understanding, which involves theories, laws and principles that explain different phenomena

Predictive

– involve the use of mathematics as a tool in solving physical quantities in various phenomena

quantitative (observation)/

is called a measurement

QUALITATIVE (observation)

does not involve numbers

Measurement

is the process of comparing unknown quantity to a standard one.

number and scale(unit)

must be present for a measurement to be meaningful.

accuracy

the extent at which a measure approaches its standard or accepted value

Accuracy

agreement of a particular value with the true value

Precision

describes the extent of how closely two or more measurement approach each other respectively

Precision

reflects the reproducibility of a given type of measurement.

Precision

expressed as a relative or fractional uncertainty

Accuracy

expressed using relative error.

Random or indeterminate error

causes data to be scattered more or less symmetrically around a mean value

Random error

usually caused by the limitations of a measuring device

Random error

are errors that affect the precision of measurement

Systematic or determinate error

causes the mean of a set of data to differ from accepted value; affect the accuracy of results.

Systematic or determinate error

The incorrectness of the measurement is due to wrong method of measurement.

Quantity

part or portion of a thing that can be measured

fundamental quantity

basic quantities and measured through direct method

metric system

Also called as the International System of Units (Systéme Internationale); based on the meter and the kilogram and the second

derived quantity

results from the combination of fundamental units

Scientific Notation

also known as the power-of-ten notation

Scientific Notation

short-hand way of writing extremely large or exceedingly small numbers

English System

Also known as British System of Units;
Based on foot, pound and second as the fundamental units for length, mass and time (FPS)