GEG Exam 3

The five major rivers of Africa

The Congo, Niger, Nile, Orange, and Zambezi

Danakil

The hottest place on Earth and is located near the Horn of Africa on the north-eastern coastline in Ethiopia.

The Atlas Mountains

Located in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. It’s highest peak is Thabana Ntlenyana, which is 3,482 m.

Major insect borne diseases of sub-Saharan Africa

Malaria, Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever, EEE, West Nile, Zika,

Sahara Desert

A large desert located in North Africa.

Libyan Desert

A sub-section of the Sahara Desert located in North Africa.

Non insect-borne diseases of sub-Saharan Africa

HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis

Two major factors contributed to the failure of African nations to develop from colonies into thriving economic countries between the 1950’s and 1990’s

Post Colonialism and the Post US/Soviet intervention

Post Colonialism

France, Spain, Great Britain, Portugal, Germany, Italy and Belgium were all major colonial influences in Africa.

Post US/Soviet Intervention

Sub-Saharan Africa was crudely split between the two super-powers in a contest to see who could buy the favor of these emerging nations. The battle between these two nations only ended when the U.S.S.R went bankrupt.

Destinations of the African slave trade

Brazil, British N.A, Spanish Middle America, Dutch, British, French, and Danish Caribbean Islands

Lagos

the top populated city of the African region with over 13 million people located on Lagos Lagoon which is situated on the marine waters known as the Bight of Benin.

East African countries that surround Lake Victoria

Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda.

For Horsemen of the Apocalypse by Sir Thomas Malthus

War, Disease, Pestilence, Famine

Miracle Grains

Miracle rice and miracle wheats

Lesser Developed Countries (LDCs)

Preferred name as opposed to “Third World Nations”

More Developed Countries (MDCs)

The U.S. and its peers, as well as the Russians and their peers

What country will surpass China in population soon?

India

How much of the world’s population resides on 3% of the world’s landmass?

22%

Major mountain ranges of South Asia

Himalayas and Karakoram

River Systems of South Asia

Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra

Deserts of South Asia

Thar and Baluchistan

Winter Monsoons

Cold and usually dry

Summer monsoons

Hot and usually wet

Lesser Indian mountains

The Eastern and Western Ghats

What religion is very important in Pakistan?

Islam

What is India’s federal system based on?

The British

Where is there civil unrest?

Kashmir

Caste system

A social hierarchy that divides people into different groups based on their birth or occupation most commonly associated with Hinduism in India.

Formerly East Pakistan

Bangladesh

Formerly West Pakistan

Pakistan

India

Former nation of Sikkim is now a state of _____.

Bhutan

A country rich in ecotourism

Formerly Ceylon and currently a nation of Buddhists

Sri Lanka

Sikhism

a distinct religion in the 15th century in the Punjab region of India, which was predominantly Hindu at the time. They reject the caste system.

Natural hazards of South Asia

Drought, summer monsoons, tsunamis, cyclones

Population of Honolulu

905,000

Population of Sydney

5,057,000

Population of Lagos

15,388,000

Population of Mumbai

20,961,000

Austral

A Latin word that means "southern". It is often used in the names of places or things located in the southern hemisphere, such as the Austral Islands or the Austral Convergence Zone.

Deserts in Australia

Great Sandy Desert and Great Victoria Desert

Sydney

Major city in Australia

Seas of Australia

Timor, Arafura, Gulf of Carpentaria, Coral Sea, and the Tasman Sea

Ayers Rock

Also known as Uluru, is a sacred site for the Indigenous Anangu people of Australia. It holds great cultural significance as a place of spiritual importance and is believed to have been created by ancestral beings during the Dreamtime. The rock is also a popular tourist destination and has become a symbol of Australia's natural beauty and cultural heritage.

Ores Australia is rich in

Coal, Iron Ore, Gold

Issues in Australia

Aboriginal land issues and environmental degradation

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

A maritime zone extending 200 nautical miles from a coastal state's baseline, within which the state has special rights to explore, exploit and manage the natural resources in the water column and on the seabed.

Two types of seas within the pacific realm

Territorial and High Seas

Three regions of the pacific

Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia

Two major types of Islands

Low and High Island Cultures

200 Nautical Mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

A maritime zone extending from a coastal state's baseline, within which the state has special rights to explore, exploit, and manage the natural resources in the adjacent waters, including fish stocks and oil and gas reserves.

Continental Shelf

A gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends outward from the edge of a continent.

Continental Slope

A steeper incline that leads to the abyssal plain, which is a flat, featureless area of the ocean floor.

Abyssal plain

It’s marked by abyssal hills and abyssal plains, which are formed by underwater volcanic activity. The features of these areas include sediment deposits, underwater canyons, and deep-sea trenches.

UNCLOS III (United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea.)

The International Treaty that manages the ocean

Countries that have first tier management responsibilities of Antarctica

Australia, Argentina, Chile and New Zealand.

Historical explorers of the Arctic and Antarctic regions.

Great Britain, France, and Norway

Lake Vostok

A 2,000-foot-deep (5400 square miles) lake that is covered entirely by the ice of Antarctica.

Hugo Grotius

The Father of International Law and wrote *Mare Liberum* ‑ "Freedom of the Seas" in 1609.

Cornelius van Bynkershoek

Wrote the "cannon shot rule"- 3 nautical miles in 1709

Outer Continental Shelf

OCS

Terra Nullis

Land that belongs to nobody aka claimable land

The Rockall dispute

A territorial dispute between the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark, and Iceland over the uninhabited islet of Rockall in the North Atlantic Ocean. The dispute was mainly about the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and continental shelf rights surrounding the islet. The dispute was resolved in 2014 when the UK extended its EEZ to include Rockall and granted fishing rights to Ireland.

Truman Proclamation

On Sept. 28, 1945, Harry issues two proclamations or executive orders ‑ these were national policy to be followed with respect to collecting the natural resources of the marine subsoil to a depth of 100 fathoms (1 fathom = six feet, or 100 fathoms = 600 feet). South American countries later joined in by claiming the 100 fathom (600 feet) or 200-meter (656 feet) isobath. The EEZ allows a 200 nautical mile jurisdiction claiming exclusive sovereignty over the seabed, subsoil, the water column and fish within it, as well as in some cases the surface of the sea and the air column above it.

The Equal Footing Doctrine

A concept that when a state was admitted to the Union, it had the same legal rights as the Original Thirteen Colonies.

U.S. v. Texas, U.S. v. California, and the U.S. v. Louisiana

Texas was once a recognized sovereign country with a recognized claim – The U.S. Supreme Court used the Equal Footing Doctrine to take away Texas’ claims to its submerged lands

The submerged lands act of 1953 (SLA)

Gave states legal rights to lands beneath navigable waters to 3 n.m.

One Marine Leauge

3 Nautical Miles

The Outer Continental Shelfs Lands Act of 1953 (OCSLA)

Formalized the Truman Proclamation

The 1958 Geneva Convention of the High Seas used what?

the 200-meter isobath

The Magnuson Fisheries Conservation Management Act of 1977 (MFCMA)

Recognized the United State’s 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) ‑ all fisheries in this area comes under U.S. control.