GEG Exam 3
the five major rivers of Africa: Congo, Niger, Nile, Orange, and Zambezi
The Sahara Desert, and a sub-section known as the Libyan Desert are found in North Africa.
Ethiopia’s Danakil is the hottest place on Earth and is located near the Horn of Africa on the north-eastern coastline.
The Atlas Mountains are located in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. It’s highest peak is Thabana Ntlenyana, which is 3,482 m.
Major insect borne diseases of sub-Saharan Africa: Malaria, Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever, EEE, West Nile, Zika,
Non insect-borne diseases of sub-Saharan Africa: HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis.
Two major factors contributed to the failure of African nations to develop from colonies into thriving economic countries between the 1950’s and 1990’s: Post Colonialism and the Post US/Soviet intervention
- Post Colonialism: France, Spain, Great Britain, Portugal, Germany, Italy and Belgium were all major colonial influences in Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa was crudely split between the two super-powers in a contest to see who could buy the favor of these emerging nations,
- Post US/Soviet Intervention: The battle between these two nations only ended when the U.S.S.R went bankrupt.
Destinations of the African slave trade: Brazil, British N.A, Spanish Middle America, Dutch, British, French, and Danish Caribbean Islands
Lagos is the top populated city of the African region with over 13 million people located on Lagos Lagoon which is situated on the marine waters known as the Bight of Benin.
East African countries that surround Lake Victoria: Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda.
For Horsemen of the Apocalypse by Sir Thomas Malthus - War, Disease, Pestilence, Famine.
Miracle Grains: Miracle Rice and Miracle Wheats.
Preferred name as opposed to “Third World Nations”: Lesser Developed Countries (LDCs).
The U.S. and its peers, as well as the Russians and their peers are “More Developed Countries (MDCs)
In the near future, India will surpass China’s population. 22% of the world’s population resides on 3% of the world’s landmass
Major mountain ranges of South Asia: Himalayas and Karakoram
River Systems of South Asia: Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra.
Deserts of South Asia: Thar and Baluchistan
Winter monsoons are cold and usually dry. Summer monsoons are usually hot and very wet.
Lesser Indian mountains: the Eastern and Western Ghats.
five mega cities of South Asia: Kolkata. Mumbai, Delhi-New Delhi, Karachi, and Dhaka.
The islamic faith is very important to Pakistan. There is civil unrest in Kashmir.
The federal system of India is based on the british.
The caste system is a social hierarchy that divides people into different groups based on their birth or occupation. It is most commonly associated with Hinduism in India. People are born into a certain caste and may face limited opportunities for social mobility. there are four main castes: Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and traders), and Shudras (laborers and servants). Additionally, there is a group called the Dalits (formerly known as "untouchables") who are considered outside of the caste system and face discrimination and social exclusion.
Bangladesh was once East Pakistan and current Pakistan was once West Pakistan.
The former nation of Sikkim is now a state of India.
Bhutan is a country rich in ecotourism.
Formerly Ceylon, now Sri Lanka is a nation of Buddhists.
Sikhism emerged as a distinct religion in the 15th century in the Punjab region of India, which was predominantly Hindu at the time. Some of the early Sikh Gurus faced persecution from the Mughal Empire, which was Muslim, and some Hindus collaborated with the Mughals against the Sikhs. The Sikh reject the caste system and the Hindu have emphasis on ritual purity.
Natural hazards of South Asia is drought, summer monsoons, tsunamis and cyclones
Populations of cities from smallest to largest: Honolulu (905,000), Sydney (5,057,000), Lagos (15,388,000), Mumbai (20,961,000).
"Austral" is a Latin word that means "southern". It is often used in the names of places or things located in the southern hemisphere, such as the Austral Islands or the Austral Convergence Zone.
Deserts in Australia: Great Sandy Desert and Great Victoria Desert
Australia has the major city of Sydney
The seas of Australia: Timor, Arafura, Gulf of Carpentaria, Coral Sea, and the Tasman Sea
Ayers Rock, also known as Uluru, is a sacred site for the Indigenous Anangu people of Australia. It holds great cultural significance as a place of spiritual importance and is believed to have been created by ancestral beings during the Dreamtime. The rock is also a popular tourist destination and has become a symbol of Australia's natural beauty and cultural heritage.
Australia is rich in a variety of minerals including coal, iron ore and gold
Australia has aboriginal land issues and environmental degradation
The great warriors are New Zealand and the Maoris
know that Islands can be owned and Islands can be owned by all TERA Communists
An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a maritime zone extending 200 nautical miles from a coastal state's baseline, within which the state has special rights to explore, exploit and manage the natural resources in the water column and on the seabed.
Two types of seas within the pacific realm: Territorial and high seas
Three regions of the pacific: Melanesia, Micronesia,and Polynesia
Two major types of Islands: Low and High Island Cultures
A 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a maritime zone extending from a coastal state's baseline, within which the state has special rights to explore, exploit, and manage the natural resources in the adjacent waters, including fish stocks and oil and gas reserves.
The continental shelf is a gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends outward from the edge of a continent.
The continental slope is a steeper incline that leads to the abyssal plain, which is a flat, featureless area of the ocean floor.
The abyssal plain is marked by abyssal hills and abyssal plains, which are formed by underwater volcanic activity. The features of these areas include sediment deposits, underwater canyons, and deep-sea trenches.
UNCLOS III (United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea.) is The International Treaty that manages the ocean
Countries that have first tier management responsibilities of Antarctica are Australia, Argentina, Chile and New Zealand.
Great Britain, France, Norway were historical explorers of the Arctic and Antarctic regions.
Lake Vostok (5400 square miles) is a 2,000-foot-deep lake that is covered entirely by the ice of Antarctica.
Hugo Grotius is referred to as the Father of International Law wrote Mare Liberum ‑ "Freedom of the Seas" in 1609.
Cornelius van Bynkershoek in 1709 wrote the "cannon shot rule"- 3 nautical miles.
the Outer Continental Shelf is the (OCS).
High Seas are those ocean waters beyond the territorial or exclusive economic claims of coastal nations.
Terra Nullis is land that belongs to nobody.
The Rockall dispute was a territorial dispute between the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark, and Iceland over the uninhabited islet of Rockall in the North Atlantic Ocean. The dispute was mainly about the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and continental shelf rights surrounding the islet. The dispute was resolved in 2014 when the UK extended its EEZ to include Rockall and granted fishing rights to Ireland.
Truman Proclamation: On Sept. 28, 1945, Harry issues two proclamations or executive orders ‑ these were national policy to be followed with respect to collecting the natural resources of the marine subsoil to a depth of 100 fathoms (1 fathom = six feet, or 100 fathoms = 600 feet).
South American countries later joined in by claiming the 100 fathom (600 feet) or 200-meter (656 feet) isobath.
The EEZ allows a 200 nautical mile jurisdiction claiming exclusive sovereignty over the seabed, subsoil, the water column and fish within it, as well as in some cases the surface of the sea and the air column above it.
The Equal Footing Doctrine is a concept that when a state was admitted to the Union, it had the same legal rights as the Original Thirteen Colonies.
British Crown had never claimed ownership to offshore lands, only control, or imperium. The US Supreme Court found that these three states had no rights.
U.S. v. Texas, U.S. v. California, and the U.S. v. Louisiana: Texas was once a recognized sovereign country with a recognized claim – The U.S. Supreme Court used the Equal Footing Doctrine to take away Texas’ claims to its submerged lands
The submerged lands act of 1953 (SLA) ‑ gave states legal rights to lands beneath navigable waters to 3 n.m.
Texas and west coast of Florida were given three marine LEAGUES or 10.2 s.m. ONE MARINE LEAGUE = 3 NAUTICAL MILES. The OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELFS LANDS ACT OF 1953 (OCSLA) – formalized the Truman Proclamation
1958 GENEVA CONVENTION OF THE HIGH SEAS used the 200-meter isobath.
The MAGNUSON FISHERIES CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT ACT OF 1977 (MFCMA) – recognized the United State’s 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) ‑ all fisheries in this area comes under U.S. control.