Glycolysis Overview

These flashcards capture key terms and concepts related to the process of glycolysis as discussed in the lecture notes.

Glycolysis

The metabolic process that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.

Hexokinase

An enzyme that phosphorylates glucose to form glucose 6-phosphate.

Glucose 6-phosphate

The phosphorylated form of glucose, which is converted into fructose 6-phosphate in glycolysis.

Phosphofructokinase

The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-diphosphate.

Fructose 1,6-diphosphate

A key intermediate in glycolysis that is cleaved into two three-carbon sugars.

Glyceraldehyde phosphate

A three-carbon sugar produced from the cleavage of fructose 1,6-diphosphate.

NADH

A reduced coenzyme that carries electrons to the electron transport chain.

ATP

A high-energy molecule produced during the glycolysis process.

3-phosphoglycerate

A three-carbon compound formed from glyceraldehyde phosphate during glycolysis.

Pyruvate

The end product of glycolysis, which can be further oxidized in the Krebs cycle.

Energy-investment phase

The first half of glycolysis where ATP is consumed to phosphorylate glucose.

Energy-yielding phase

The second half of glycolysis where ATP and NADH are produced.

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

A high-energy intermediate in glycolysis that donates a phosphate group to ADP to produce ATP.

Aldolase

An enzyme that cleaves fructose 1,6-diphosphate into two three-carbon sugars.

DiHydroxyacetone phosphate

One of the isomers produced during the cleavage of fructose 1,6-diphosphate.

Phosphoglycerokinase

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP, forming ATP.

Enolase

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from 2-phosphoglycerate.

Pyruvate kinase

An enzyme that catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, transferring a phosphate from PEP to ADP.