BB 1: Intro to Blood Bank, RBC & Platelet Preservation

CEREBRO BB Notes: Pages 1-2

Pope Innocent VII (1492)

recipient of the first blood transfusion in history, which was unsuccessful

Karl Landsteiner (1901)

discovered ABO blood groups and explained transfusion reaction

Von Decastello & Sturli (1902)

discovered AB blood group

Edward Lindemann (1913)

used vein-to-vein transfusion by multiple syringes

Albert Hustin (1914)

used Sodium citrate as anticoagulant for indirect blood transfusion

Rous & Turner (1916)

introduced citrate-dextrose solution for preservation of blood

Karl Landsteiner & Alex Weiner (1940)

discovered Rh blood group

Robin Coombs, Arthur Mourant, & Rob Race (1945)

described the use of AHG

George Kohler & Cesar Milstein (1975)

discovered monoclonal antibodies thru Hybridoma technology

>75% ; 24 hours

A blood transfusion is SUCCESSFUL if __% of transfused RBCs remain viable in the bloodstream for __ hours.

<1%

Free hemoglobin should be less than __% of total hemoglobin.

1-6 °C

storage temperature of Whole Blood & RBC units

1-10 °C

shipping/transport temperature of Whole Blood & RBC units

4 hours

Manual checking of storage temperature is done every __ hours.

20-24 °C

storage temperature for Platelet Con. and Granulocyte Con.

-18 °C

storage temperature for FFP, PF24, and Cryoprecipitate

Bacterial Contamination

the effect if temperature requirement of blood products is not followed

Plasma Discoloration & Clot Formation

indications of bacterial contamination in blood products

Increased

Increased or Decreased

RBC Storage Lesion:
Plasma Potassium
Plasma Hemoglobin
Lactic Acid

Decreased

Increased or Decreased

RBC Storage Lesion:
ATP levels and Glucose consumption
2,3 DPG
pH

dehydrated & rigid

Low ATP levels cause RBCs to appear _____, resulting to the leakage of Hemoglobin and Potassium to the plasma.

Left Shift

shift that occurs when there is a decrease in 2,3 DPG

21 days

shelf life of ACD-A

21 days

shelf life of CPD and CP2D

35 days

shelf life of CPDA-1

42 days

shelf life of CPDA-2

Citrate

chelates Calcium ions

Phosphate

preserves 2,3 DPG and maintains pH

Dextrose

substrate for ATP production

Adenine

maintains ATP levels

1:9

citrate to blood ratio

Citrate Toxicity

In massive transfusion, this is a common disadvantage because it causes hypocalcemia.

Additive / SAGM

Adsol / AS-1
Nutricel / AS-3
Optisol / AS-5
SOLX / AS-7
are examples of ____ solutions.

Mannitol

component in SAGM solution that serves as RBC membrane stabilizing agent

42 days

shelf life of SAGM

True

True or False:
SAGM is added only to RBC units within the 72 hours of storage.

Rejuvenation

PIPA or PIGPA are components of ____ solution.

24 hours

Rejuvenation solution can extend the shelf life of red cells to ___.

3 days

An advantage of rejuvenation solution is that it can be added ____ after expiration of red cells.

• Phosphate

• Inosine

• Pyruvate

components of PIPA that maintain 2,3 DPG

Rejuvesol

the FDA-approved rejuvenation solution in the US

Red Cell Freezing

RBC preservation technique for autologous donation

10 years ; -65°C

Red cell freezing can preserve red cells up to _ years at _ °C.

40% w/v Glycerol

most common cryoprotective agent that prevents intracellular dehydration of RBCs

Deglycerolization

In red cell freezing, ____ is done prior to transfusion.

1. 12% NaCl

2. 1.6% NaCl

3. 0.9% NaCl with 0.2% Dextrose

4. 0.9% NaCl Saline Solution

Deglycerolization washing steps

RBC Substitutes

carry and transfer oxygen in the absence of intact RBCs

• Perfluorochemicals

• Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

examples of RBC substitutes

Blood Pharming

production of RBCs from stem cells grown in the lab

Platelet Concentrate

blood product that is most prone to bacterial contamination due to storage temperature

• Cold-induced Platelet Aggregation

• Loss of Viability

effects of refrigerating platelets

5 days

shelf life of platelets

Continuous Gentle Agitation

Upon storage at room temperature, this facilitates Oxygen transfer to platelet bag and maintains platelet pH

pH 6.2 or higher

pH of platelets

Platelet Swirling

done to assess platelets for the presence of a moving, varied color appearance when backlit and no visible aggregation, which suggests viability

Increased

Increased or Decreased

Platelet Storage Lesion:
Lactate
Degranulation
Platelet activation markers

Decreased

Increased or Decreased

Platelet Storage Lesion:
pH
ATP
Platelet aggregation agonists

discoid to spherical

Platelet Storage Lesion:
Change of shape that indicates loss of swirling effect