3.6 - 3.7 Mammalian gametes and fertilisation

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Biology

Cells

A-Level Biology

Edexcel A (SNAB)

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14 Terms

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Fertilisation

  • fusion of the nuclei from a male gamete and a female gamete to form a zygote.

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When are gametes formed?

During meiosis

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What number of chromosomes does each gamete have?

Haploid number - 23 chromosomes

(One copy of each chromosome)

<p>Haploid number - 23 chromosomes</p><p>(One copy of each chromosome)</p>
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Adaptations of Sperm Cell

  • Flagellum

  • Many mitochondria in middle piece

  • Acrosome

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Adaptations of Egg Cell

  • Much larger

  • Follicle cells

  • Zona pellucida

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Adaptations of Sperm Cell: Flagellum

  • Allows sperm to swim to egg cell

<ul><li><p>Allows sperm to swim to egg cell</p></li></ul>
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Adaptations of Sperm Cell: Many mitochondria

  • provide energy for movement (swimming)

<ul><li><p>provide energy for movement<span style="color: rgb(50, 50, 50)"> (swimming)</span></p></li></ul>
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Adaptations of Sperm Cell: Acrosome

  • Contains digestive enzymes to break down the protective the zona pellucida

  • Sperm cells must penetrate this layer in order to fertilise the egg


<ul><li><p>Contains digestive enzymes to break down the protective the zona pellucida</p></li><li><p>Sperm cells must penetrate this layer in order to fertilise the egg</p></li></ul><p><br></p>
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Adaptations of Egg Cell: Much larger

  • Internal space contains food to nourish a growing embryo

<ul><li><p><span style="color: rgb(50, 50, 50);">Internal space contains </span>food to nourish a growing embryo</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Adaptations of Egg Cell: Follicle

  • Follicle cells form a protective coating

<ul><li><p>Follicle cells form a protective coating</p></li></ul>
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Adaptations of Egg Cell: Zona pellucida

  • forms an impenetrable barrier after fertilisation

  • prevents other sperm nuclei from entering the egg

<ul><li><p>forms an impenetrable barrier after fertilisation</p></li><li><p>prevents other sperm nuclei from entering the egg</p></li></ul>
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How does a zygote divide?

By mitosis

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What type of cells are produced from mitosis?

Diploid cells

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What type of cells are produced from meiosis?

Genetically different haploid cells