American History Exam 2

American Fighting Style:

Adopted European Tactics: No Children, Surrendering was accepted, Christian Values,

Late Americans: Adopted Native Values

Indian Fighting Style:

Everything was fair, hit and run, sneak from behind

Puritans:

Believed that the Church needed to to be reformed, but supported Church of England. Needed to free from Catholic influences

Separatists:

Wanted to destroy or separate from the Church of England. Wanted to handle problems and worship as they please. Work, Worship. Called everyone else “strangers”

Church of England:

National church of England. Had a hierarchical structure. English monarch serves as Supreme Governor

Popishness:

Remove Catholics

Nature and problems Puritans in England, and different types of them?

Puritans were often persecuted for rebelling against The Church.

Separatist, Puritans, and Quakers

Why did King James and later King Charles want to punish the Puritans?

They saw Puritans as a threat to religious and political stability. The Puritan’s ideologies often conflicted with the monarch’s authority

High Church vs. Low Church:

Anglicans/nobility vs Gentury/ Commoners

Plymouth:

Previously known as Patuet; Landing ground for the Pilgrims

Of what sect were the worshippers at Scrooby?

Village in Nottinghamshire, England; Considered Separatists Puritans

Where did the worshippers move to? What “adventure” did they have before leaving England?

They were approached by the Virginia Company.

They moved to Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Speedwell Incident

What was Brewster wanted for?

Brewster was wanted because he was the leader of the Separatist Puritans

What happened to the Speedwell? Why did it endanger the expedition?

It was sabotaged, making it leak far too dangerously for travel. It delayed the departure, leading to a harsher winter landing.

When did the “Pilgrims” arrive in New England? Why was this dangerous?

November 11th; close to winter

How many came, how many died that winter?

102; only 44 left

What was the Mayflower compact? Why was it needed?

First framework of government written and enacted from US

Freed passengers from Virginia Company jurisdiction

What were the similarities between Jamestown and Plymouth?

Desire for freedom, initial struggle for food, depended on indigenous people

Jamestown had the House of Burgesses, and Plymouth had the General Court.

Who was Samoset?

Trader

Who were the Wampanoags?

First Native Group that the pilgrims encountered

Who was Massasoit?

Was the leader of Wampanoags

What was the First Thanksgiving about?

Being thankful for surviving the winter; killed over 50%

William Bradford:

Governor of Plymouth Colony

John Robinson:

Lead at Scrooby; a preacher

John Carver:

Died before becoming Governor

Miles Standish:

In charge of the Militia; catholic, scared Indians

Massachusetts reaction to the 1622 Good Friday massacre:

Wanted to build a fortress and wall

Mass. Bay Colony

Specifically for Puritans

John Winthrop:

Governor of Mass Bay Colony

A Model of Christianity Charity:

Be sacrificial; charity

“City Upon A Hill”

Winthrop’s Sermon

Sited in Boston, why successful?

Puritan Work Ethic; traders, education emphasis, and strong leadership

Great Migration, and reasons for it:

Persecution, economical opportunities, hope for new beginning

Pequot War; Reasons, Effects, Results:

Pequot were killing nearby small villages, Englishmen were being scalped

Annihilated all the pequot

Created Netoe

King Philips War, why the Indians in NE revolted?

Were losing people, culture and tradition

What was the impacted of King Phillip War:

broke the trust between pilgrims and natives forever

Salem Witch Trials; Reasons, Effects, Results:

Spectral evidence, teen boredom, inhumane

Lead to better courts system

Got rid of spectral evidence

The Great Awakening: Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, “the ground is level at the foot of the cross”

Everyone will be the same status on judgment day, no matter of race

Be able to explain how the gun and its innovations in the New World, plus the joint-stock company, the distance of the colonies from England which created the necessity for the House of Burgesses and the Mayflower Compact, as well as the charter of the Mass. Bay Colony, and the religious mission of the Puritans in the “wilderness” all created an environment that produced “America” long before the Revolution ever started.

In order to survive, they needed to become savages