Functional Groups

alkane

only single CH bonds

suffix: -ane

1- meth-

2- eth-

3- prop-

4- but-

5- pent-

6- hex-

7- hept-

naming based on number of carbons

alkene/olefin

C=C double bond

name based on smaller of 2 C’s in double bond

suffix: -ene

aromatic ring

cyclic, alternating double bonds

alkyne

C-C triple bond

suffix: -yne

alcohol

OH attached to R group

suffix: ol

ketone

C attached to 2 other C groups and an O with double bond

suffix: -one

ester

1. name alkyl group attached to single bonded O, end in -yl

2. name main C chain that contains carbonyl (C=O) group, change suffix to -oate

naming esters

aldehyde

CHO group always at end, no number needed

suffix: -al

carboxylic acid

suffix: -oic acid

amine

suffix: -yl amine

amide

suffix: -amide