Studied by 0 people
Cognition
Mental activity that involves organizing and understanding information and communicating it to others.
Mental images
Mental representations that stand for objects or events and have a picture-like quality.
Concepts
Ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities.
Prototype
An example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of the concept.
Problem solving
Process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways.
Decision making
Process of cognition that involves identifying, evaluating, and choosing among several alternatives.
Trial and error
A problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found.
Functional fixedness
A block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions.
Mental set
The tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past.
Confirmation bias
The tendency to search for evidence that fits one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs.
Creativity
The process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways.
Convergent thinking
Type of thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer, using previous knowledge and logic.
Divergent thinking
Type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point.
Intelligence
The ability to learn from experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations.
g factor
The ability to reason and solve problems, also known as general intelligence.
s factor
The ability to excel in certain areas, or specific intelligence.
Triarchic theory of intelligence
Sternberg's theory that there are three kinds of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.
Analytical intelligence
The ability to break problems down into component parts for problem solving.
Creative intelligence
The ability to deal with new concepts and come up with new ways of solving problems.
Practical intelligence
The ability to use information to succeed in everyday life.
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
A number representing a measure of intelligence, calculated from mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.
Reliability
The tendency of a test to produce the same scores when given to the same people multiple times.
Validity
The degree to which a test measures what it is designed to measure.
Deviation IQ scores
Intelligence measures assuming IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of about 15.
Intellectual disability
Condition where a person's cognitive skills are at an earlier developmental stage than their chronological age.
Gifted
Individuals falling on the upper end of the normal curve with an IQ of 130 or above.
Emotional intelligence
The awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions as well as understanding emotions in others.
Heritability
The degree to which changes in some trait within a population are due to genetic influences.
Stereotype threat
Condition where awareness of a negative performance stereotype interferes with one's performance.
Language
A system for combining symbols to create meaningful statements for communication.
Grammar
The system of rules governing the structure and use of a language.
Phonemes
The basic units of sound in language.
Morphemes
The smallest units of meaning within a language.
Syntax
The system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences.
Semantics
The rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences.
Pragmatics
Aspects of language involving practical methods of communicating with others.
Linguistic relativity hypothesis
The theory that thought processes and concepts are controlled by language.
Note 
Flashcard (102)