Honors World History Winter Exam

Viking raids

Political instability and a harsh climate after the fall of Rome created a vacuum for tribes, allowing Vikings to raid and explore.

Redemptive history

The narrative of Jesus buying back humanity from sin, highlighting God's overarching plan throughout history.

Investiture

The practice of appointing church leaders, which led to power struggles between kings/nobles and popes.

Roman Republic collapse

Factors included the Punic Wars, corruption among leaders, and the rise of Julius Caesar leading to demise.

Hellenism

The spread of Greek culture and influence throughout Europe, especially through Alexander the Great.

Fall of Constantinople

The event in 1453 when Mehmed the Conqueror led the Ottoman Turks to capture the city, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.

Joan of Arc

A French peasant girl who led the French army to victory during the Hundred Years' War before being captured and executed.

Normandy

A region in Northern France settled by Vikings after being granted land by the Franks.

Worldview significance

Worldviews shape interpretations of evidence, leading to differing conclusions among people.

Egyptian afterlife beliefs

The idea that the deceased would be judged in the Hall of Two Truths and their heart weighed against a feather.

Black Death impact

Resulted in population decline, economic depression, the fall of feudalism, and a weakened Catholic Church.

Crusades

Military campaigns aimed at retaking Jerusalem, protecting Constantinople, and spreading Christianity.

Magna Carta

Document signed by King John Lackland, limiting the power of the monarchy and establishing legal protections for nobles.

Peloponnesian War

Conflict between Athens and Sparta that ended the Greek golden age and left Greece vulnerable to conquest.

Hundred Years' War

A series of conflicts between England and France over territorial disputes and claims to the French throne.

Islam vs Christianity

Both religions share some similarities but differ significantly on the nature of Jesus, salvation, and the Trinity.

Charles Martel

Frankish leader who won the Battle of Tours, halting Muslim advancement and securing Christian dominance in Europe.

Charlemagne

Frankish king who promoted education and expanded the empire, marking the end of the Dark Ages.

Lay investiture controversy

The conflict over whether secular leaders could appoint church officials, leading to corruption within the church.

Pyramids of Egypt and the flood

Christians believe pyramids are less than 4,000 years old, while evolutionists date them to over 4,000 years.

Lucy’s remains

A fossil discovered that evolutionists believe links humans to primate ancestry, while Christians dispute this.

Crusade irony

Although meant to spread the gospel, many knights engaged in plunder during the Fourth Crusade.

Redemptive history examples

Jonah's mission to Assyria, Manasseh's redemption, and Saul's transformation into a missionary for Christianity.

Franks' historical significance

Converted to Christianity, defended the faith, and established a powerful Christian kingdom in Europe.

Cannon at Constantinople

Used by Mehmed to breach walls, allowing the Ottomans to conquer the city.

Economic effects of Black Death

Led to a labor shortage, economic depression, and shifts in power dynamics with the rise of the peasantry.