Honors World History Winter Exam

What political and climatic circumstances contributed to the Viking raids during the Middle Ages?

The fall of Rome created a vacuum for many tribes to come in with nobody to stop them. The water took a long time to freeze so they could explore a lot.

What is redemptive history?

Jesus, the redeemer, is buying us back from sin and to himself. It's important we learn history so we can see how Jesus did this throughout history.

Why did the Kings/Nobles and the Popes do so much fighting over the power of investiture?

There was a constant power struggle between the pope and the emperor. Whoever got the power of investiture would be more powerful because the church leaders would be loyal to them. They all wanted the church leaders on their side

Explain how the Roman Republic collapsed.

-Punic Wars made larger wealth gap between patricians and plebeains -Tiberius and Gaius use force to unlawfully get their way; set a precedent -Marius and Sulla broke the law and were crazy -First Triumvirate worked together to overthrow senate but destroyed themselves -Brutus and Cassius (senators) murder Julius Caesar -Second triumvirate hunted down senators and then caused their own demise -Octavian survived and became the first emperor

Why are the Greeks so important to world history?

-Smart people. Lots of philosophy, math, science. Pythagoras, Hippocrates (father of modern medicine), Elucid (father of geometry), Eratosthenes, Archimedes, etc. -Athens had the first democracy, and set a precedent -They spread Hellenism through Europe (Alexander). Threatened Jews and some became hellenized with greek ways.

How did God use the Roman Empire to spread the gospel throughout most of the known world?

-They persecuted Christians, causing them to spread out and take their faith with them -Constantine made bibles, and the Nicene Creed stated Jesus is God -Theodosius persecuted unbelievers -Missionaries like Paul -Roads helped the spread, as well as Pax Romana (safe travel and peace)

What role did Joan of Arc have in the Hundred Years' War?

She led the Franks to victory. She was called by God, spotted Charles in the crowd and told him he was to be the king of the Franks, and ended up leading the Frankish army. She was wounded in Paris and captured. She was weak and signed a paper admitting she was a witch, but she was on trial and defended herself. She was condemned as a heretic and witchcraft and burned and died. Then, she became a martyr and later a saint. The Franks rallied around her death and won the war.

Where in Western Europe did some of the Vikings make a permanent settlement? How did they come into possession of this land?

The Norman Conquest gained them land. They settled in Northern France. The Franks gave them Northern France, and the Vikings agreed to stop invading France. Northern France became Normandy

Why is worldview so important?

How we interpret evidence depends on worldview. People with different worldviews look at the same evidence and conclude completely different things.

Describe the Fall of Constantinople.

Mehmed the Conqueror, an Ottoman Turk, laid siege to outer walls but they were hard to cross. He transported 70 ships over land and dropped them into Golden Horn to avoid boat chain. Cannon outside to prevent allied help. Mehmet won.

Contrast the evolutionary worldview and the Biblical/Christian worldview for the following topic:

1. Otzi's copper ax

Otzi's ax was found beside his body. It was made out of copper. This was very advanced for the time the ax was dated to. Christians concluded that the ax must not be that old. Noah's flood was 4,000 years ago so Otzi is about 3,500 years old. Evolutionists concluded that Otzi was 5,300 years old and these sorts of inventions must have existed thousands of years before we thought

What happened in the Peloponnesian War?

-Between Athens and Sparta -Pericles (Athens) gives confidence speech -Black Plague kills Pericles and weakens both sides -Nicias requests 6 year peace to farm (get food) -Amazing Al gets involved -Sparta took over Athens -Group of thirty ruled Athens, anyone who tried to restore democracy and overthrow Spartan rule was killed

What was the Peloponnesian War's significance to world history?

-Ended the golden age of the greeks -Made Greece vulnerable to be taken over by the Macedonians. Greece was never a powerful empire again (they weakened themselves)

What are the key differences between the Egyptian religion and Christianity?

Egyptians were buried with their possessions so they could have them in the afterlife. Egyptian religion was based on good works alone. Christians believe that Jesus died for everyone and if we believe in him we receive salvation.

Why does God want us to learn history?

-So we can see all the glorious deeds and wonders he has done -So we can set our hope in God and keep his commands -So we can use the past as an example and not make the same mistakes

Contrast the evolutionary worldview and the Biblical/Christian worldview for the following topic:

3. When were the Pyramids of Egypt built? Before or after the flood?

Christians believe that the pyramids would not have survived the flood, so they are less than 4,000 years old. Evolutionists believe that the flood was not real because the pyramids are way older than 4,000 years and would not have survived the flood (used pyramids to disprove flood)

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What impact did the Crusades have on Europe and the Age of Exploration?

Without the Crusades, the exploration (like what Columbus did) would have been postponed 100-200 years. The Spanish realized they were missing out on trade routes.

Describe the main cause of the Hundred Years' War

The Battle of Hastings was the cause. Harold, next in line for the English throne, wound up in Normandy. William, leader of the Normans, agreed to help Harold if he got part of his throne. He helped Harold but Harold didn't give him part of the throne, so William invaded, defeated the English, and Harold died. William became the king of England. Then, the hundred years war started because France and England started to fight over who should control France. English king had claim to throne and wanted to control France.

What was the impact of the Black Death? Consider: economy, feudal system, religions, politics, etc

-Decimated the population -Economic depression, less trade, shortage in farming -Fall of feudalism and manner system because the plebeians grew in wealth -Catholic Church lost some power because they didn't help much with the plague; their hold on Europe was loosened -People blamed the Jews; destruction of Jerusalem and disperse  

Explain what the Egyptians believed concerning the afterlife.

After someone would die, they would go to the Hall of Two Truths and appear before a panel of fourteen judges. Then, Anubis leads the deceased to a scale and their heart was weighed against the feather of Ma'at. If it was heavier, Ammut (crocodile head, hippo legs) would eat the heart. If it was lighter, the person was presented before Osiris to join the afterlife.

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What was ironic about the 4th Crusade?

The crusades were about spreading the gospel, but most of the knights were there because the pope said they'd go to heaven if they went. They weren't concerned about spreading the gospel. On the way through Constantinople (to go to Jerusalem to take it back), they saw the wealth and ransacked the city and killed many Christians (instead of spreading the gospel and going to Jerusalem to fight the Muslims).

Why was the Fall of Constantinople significant to the history of Europe?

-It allowed Muslims to conquer Europe. Constantinople beat back Muslims from entering, but after it fell, Muslims conquered area up to Vienna. Some places conquered by Muslims then are still muslim today -It ended the Middle Ages and started the renaissance. The books from Constantinople were sent to Italy to protect them from the muslims. They read the books and gained knowledge and new ideas

Are Allah of Islam and the God of the Bible the same God?

No. Muslims reject that Jesus is God and are not going to heaven (Hebrews 10:29). No salvation if you reject Jesus is God, so they must be different

What is investiture and what was the lay investiture controversy?

Lay investiture is when someone who as not a church leader puts someone in a church leader position. This led to a corrupt church because the people who got to appoint the church leaders did it off of who would be loyal to them, even if they weren't spiritually well (church leader also a political leader).

Why did the feudal system exist? In other words, what circumstances in history made feudalism happen? Explain what "servitude for protection" and "land for loyalty" means in the context of feudalism.

The violence in Europe. Poor peasant farmers had no way to protect themselves from barbaric people groups, so they lived on someone else's land for protection (servitude for protection). Lords/land owners weren't extremely rich so they would pledge allegiance to a king or noble in exchange for land (land for loyalty).

Give three examples of redemptive history

-Jonah. God used Jonah to redeem the Assyrians -Manasseh. God redeemed the evil king and made him king of Israel again -Saul. God redeemed Saul from a Christian persecuter to one of the greatest missionaries

Compare and contrast the religion of Islam with that of Christianity.

Both have a bible, believe in the OT, believe in a powerful God, and give to the poor. Differences: Muslims say Jesus was just a prophet, there is no trinity, salvation is based on good works, little assurance of faith

Explain the historical context in which the Magna Carta was signed. Why is this document historically significant?

King of England, John Lackland, signed it. He wasn't doing a good job ruling, and his nobles wanted some legal protection. He signed it so his nobles would stay loyal to him (after being a bad king). It's significant because it was the first time a monarch's power was limited. It required a trial by someone who was not the king. The king could no longer do whatever he wanted

What were the three main reasons for the crusades (and the purpose of the crusades)?

-Retake Jerusalem from the Muslims -Protect Constantinople from Muslims -Help violence issues in Europe -Purpose: spread the Gospel

Contrast the evolutionary worldview and the Biblical/Christian worldview for the following topic:

2. Lucy's remains and her role as a "missing link" fossil.

Lucy's skeleton was found, and 200 feet away were some footprints. Christians concluded that humans made the footprints 4,000 years ago and Lucy is an extinct chimp. Evolutionists concluded that Lucy was our ancestor, a primate, and made the footprints that are 3.5 million years old (this is a stretch because Lucy's foot bones weren't found)

What were the effects of the Hundred Years' War on England and France?

England: monarchy was weakened and parliament strengthened France: got independence, nobles weakened and monarchy strengthened, outlawed private armies, nationalism was increased, peasants were still the biggest losers

Starting with Clovis, describe the significance of the Franks to world history.

Clovis converted his whole army to Christianity and adopted the Nicene Creed. Then, Pepin made a deal with the pope (Pepin's army would defeat the Lombards if the pope told the Franks that Pepin should be king). Pepin was crowned as king, and the Franks protected Christianity from the Muslims for many years.

Describe the Pope's rise to power and prominence in Europe from the fall of Rome to the Reformation.

When the Roman Empire fell, people turned to the catholic bishop because the church did not fall with the empire. Started to call him pope. Pope sided with Franks for protection. Pope gained more power; was able to crown and dispose of emperors and bishops. Then, claims title as God's great voice on earth. Could excommunicate and had power struggles with emperor (lay investiture). The popes encouraged the crusades.

Starting with Clovis, describe the significance of the Franks to world history. Include key battles against those who threatened the church

The Battle of Tours was a specific battle between the Muslims and the Franks (Christians). They were fighting to see who would control Italy, but the battle would de  ine what religion Europe would be. Charles Martel led Franks to victory, and Christianity spread throughout Europe. This is an example in history of how God protected the church.

Starting with Clovis, describe the significance of the Franks to world history. Include how Charlemagne's reign changed the course of history in Western Europe

Charlemagne was the greatest Frankish king. His reign was the end of the dark ages. He promoted education and was involved in war. By the end of his reign, the Frankish kingdom covered most of Western Europe. After his death, the Franks started diminishing in power.

Using two specific examples from Scripture, describe how God teaches history. Remember, the examples have to be where God recalls a history to teach a lesson.

One time, Jesus told the people that Tyre and Sidon would be better off at judgement day than them (Jesus was making a point because Tyre and Sidon were very wicked cities) Another time, the people asked Jesus for a sign. Jesus said that nobody would receive a sign besides Jonah (it didn't work well for Jonah). Jesus was making the point that the people didn't need a sign and they should just believe/obey without one