reagan's legacy

what were bush's economic promises after reagan?

decrease the $2.7 trillion deficit and no new taxes

what was the deficit after reagan?

$2.7 trillion

was bush successful in carrying out his economic promises after reagan? give examples

no - deficit rose to $4 trillion and he had to raise taxes in november 1990

why was bush defeated by clinton?

due to the 1990 recession

how did reagan's legacy play a part in bush's defeat?

bush was left to deal with massive trade deficit, savings and loans bailout, trade imbalance, and lack of policy for american industry

define new democrat

moderate democrats who thought leftward trajectory making democrats unelectable

how did reagan impact new democrat ideas?

emphasis on fiscal conservatism; influence by reagan's campaign against government expenditure on key social programmes and high spending on defence

how did clinton balance the budget?

cut defence spending and raised taxes on big earners and corporations

how did reagan's effect continue until 1996?

fiscally conservative new democrats; changed attitude to big government and social change

what was big government like after reagan, in terms of bush's approach? 3 details

- inconsistent

- encouraged improved education but didn't want to spend federal money on it

- supported disability act to protest disabled workers but vetoed other bills for workers (including 12 weeks of paid leave for family emergencies)

although bush encouraged improved education, what didn't he want to do?

spend federal money on it

what act did bush support?

disability act to protect disabled workers

although bush supported the disability act, what did he do that was problematic?

vetoed other bills for workers, including 12 weeks of paid leave for family emergencies

describe big government after reagan, in terms of affects on clinton (3 details)

- 'end welfare as we know it'

- 1993 speech infront of black ministers focused on ghettos, criticised actions of blacks (e.g. killing each other, lots of children, fathers walking out)

- proposed welfare bill: able bodied workers would have welfare stopped after 2 years and terminated all welfare payments after t years + the bill wasn't passed as department of health and human services predicted that 1 million kids would be without food or shelter

clinton's attitude towards welfare (quote)

'end welfare as we know it'

describe clinton's 1993 speech

- infront of black ministers

- focused on ghettos

- criticised actions of blacks e.g. killing each other, lots of children, fathers walking out

describe the welfare bill that clinton proposed

able bodied workers would have welfare stopped after 2 years and terminated all welfare payments after 5 years

why wasn't the welfare bill that clinton proposed passed?

department of health and human services predicted that 1 million kids would be without food or shelter

describe the welfare reform act (3 details)

- denied benefits to immigrants who were not yet citizens

- limited eligibility for medicaid and food stamps for those outside of work

- eliminated lifetime guarantee of government support for poor mothers

what did the welfare reform act deny?

benefits to immigrants who were not yet citizens

what did the welfare reform act limit?

eligibility for medicaid and food stamps for those outside of work

what did the welfare reform act eliminate?

lifetime guarantee of government support for poor mothers

what happened to welfare rolls after welfare reform act? (success of welfare reform act)

they were halved (helped economy)

what were people incentivised to do after the welfare reform act? (success of welfare reform act)

to switch from welfare to work

what happened in 1986? ( success of welfare reform act)

switching from welfare to work increased your income by $1900 and you lost health benefits

what happened in 1999? (success of welfare reform act)

$7000 more income and kept health benefits from switching from welfare to work

what happened to workforce participation rate amongst poorest women as a result of welfare reform act? (success of welfare reform act)

rose from 35% to 55% within 3 years

what did the welfare reform act remove? (success of welfare reform act)

the old disincentive to marry (benefits had only been given to single mothers)

what happened to the number of children living with single parents as a result of welfare reform act? (success of the welfare reform act)

dropped by 8% within 5 years

what happened to % of black children raised by married parents as a result of welfare reform act? (success of the welfare reform act)

rose from 34% to 38%

what did bush declare that abortion was in his 1988 election campaign? (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

murder

what did the supreme court limit the scope of in 1989? (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

affirmative action programmes

what did bush veto that was produced by the democrat controlled congress? how did the democrats respond? (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

the civil rights bill - the democrats had to accept a modified version

during bush's presidency, supreme court passed a number of rulings that made what harder? give examples (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

abortion

- in 1988 they denied federal funding to pro choice programmes

- in 1989 they said that states could deny women access to public abortion facilities

what did the supreme court deny in 1988?

federal funding to pro choice programmes

what did the supreme court say in 1989?

that states could deny women access to public abortion facilities

describe the situation regarding crime and black vs white viewpoints (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

- there was a disproportionate number of black men in jail

- a common black viewpoint was that police unfairly victimised black americans

- white conservatives thought black people were more likely to commit crimes

- white liberals blamed poverty

what was a common black viewpoint regarding crime?

that the police unfairly victimised black americans

what did white conservatives think that black people were more likely to do?

commit crimes

what did white liberals blame crime on?

poverty

what was happening regarding extremism? give examples (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

it still flourished - pro life activists shot a florida gynaecologist outside an abortion clinic

what did the supreme court rule in 1990? (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

that states could deny employment to peyote (often used by native americans in religious ceremonies) users because it was an illicit drug, not a sacrament

what were the LA police caught doing in 1992? (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

beating up a black suspect, rodney king, after a high speed car chase - there were riots after the all white jury found him innocent + 55 died

what did 9% of african americans continued to do? (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

live in segregated and impoverished inner city ghettos

what was happening to southern schools in the 1980s and 1990s? (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

they were being re-segregated

with the exception of asian americans, what was happening to people from racial minority groups? give example (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

they remained on average poorer than white americans; average household income was half the national average

who was carol moseley? (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

the only black senator elected in the 1990s and only the second elected in the 20th century - there was no hispanic american senator

who did bush nominate to the supreme court in 1992 and why was this problematic? (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

the african american clarence thomas - he was accused of sexual harassment but the 98% male senate dismissed the accusations

what did the right-wing supreme court justice clarence thomas say regarding the demands of people from racial minority groups? (social change after reagan - reagan's success)

he said that the demands of people from racial minority groups for greater recognition and toleration was generating a white backlash and making progress less likely

in 1992 supreme court upheld pennsylvania law which said what? (social change after reagan - reagan's success mixed with failure)

that women had to undergo counselling before an abortion but struck down the requirement for married women to prove that they told their husband about the abortion

what did day o'connor argue in 1992? (social change after reagan - reagan's success mixed with failure)

that women experiencing abuse had good reason not to tell their husbands about abortions

what did opposition from military chiefs and veterans force clinton to do? (social change after reagan - reagan's success mixed with failure)

operate a 'dont ask, dont tell' approach to gay people in the military

what happened in 1991, regarding the smithsonian institute's national museum of art? (social change after reagan - reagan's success mixed with failure)

it ran an exhibition which emphasised white mistreatment of native americans and infuriated conservatives and led some republicans to threaten to cut the museum's budget

in 1993, supreme court decision rejected louisiana state law that did what? (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

prohibited most abortions

clinton won the 1992 election despite what? (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

headlines over a woman he had a 12 year affair with while married

polls showed that majority of americans were pro-choice or pro-life? (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

pro-choice

what did clinton finally admit to after denying? what was the consequence? (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

- an affair with a white house intern called monica lewinsky

- republicans tried to impeach him but his job approval ratings remained high

- bill clinton left office with approval ratings of over 70%

by 1992, where did half of the black population live? (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

in neighbourhoods that wee over 50% white and interracial marriages were slowly rising

what 2 groups were increasingly well represented in politics? give example (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

blacks and hispanics - african american colin powell headed the JCS (joint chiefs of staff) under bush

describe bush's and clinton's attitudes towards LGBTQ (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

- bush said he would not mind having a gay cabinet member

- clinton tried to allow gay people to serve openly in the military

the NAACP won hundreds of cases that led to what? give example (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

changes in congressional districts - the number of black congressmen increased from 45 in 1990 to 69 in 1992

what happened to number of black congressmen between 1990 and 1992?

increased from 45 to 69

clinton issued executive orders reversing a number of bush's policies, such as? (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

forbidding doctors in federally funded clinics from giving advice on abortion

what was happening to black and hispanic middle classes? (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

growing - partially due to affirmative action

the 1992 clarence thomas case prompted what? what happened as a result? (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

unprecedented numbers of women to stand for office - as a result, the number of women elected doubled

in 1988, 43% of black schoolchildren in the south did what? (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

attended schools that were over 50% white

what did congress demand with the native american grave protection and reparation act (1990) ? (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

respect for native american culture

what did the native american grave protection and reparation act (1990) enable? (social change after reagan - reagan's failure)

native americans to reterieve remains of ancestors from museums and universities

when was the native american grave protection and reparation act?

1990