Social Studies Final :fire:

description....

Why did Plato flee Athens after Socrates was executed?

He and other students felt unwelcome in Athens.

What was unique about Plato's teaching requirements at the Academy?

Students had to master mathematics first.

What was Aristotle's concept of 'the golden mean'?

The balance between two extremes.

How did Plato's view of democracy differ from modern views?

He thought philosophers should rule society.

What was at the center of Athenian democracy?

The Assembly.

What was the Boule?

A council of 500 members that assisted the Assembly.

How many years would a citizen be banished during ostracism?

Ten years.

What was unique about Athenian juries compared to modern ones?

They could have up to 501 members.

How did jury members vote in court cases?

Bronze ballot disks.

Which requirement was NOT needed to be an Athenian citizen?

Being wealthy.

What role did women have in Athenian society?

They managed religious affairs and family life.

Who were the metics in Athens?

Foreign residents.

Why did Athenians have such large juries?

To reduce the risk of bribery.

What was a symposium?

A social gathering with food, drink, and discussion.

What was taught in Athenian schools?

Rhetoric, logic, reading, writing, and music.

What was a gymnasium in ancient Athens?

An outdoor area for exercise.

Which epic poems did Athenian students memorize?

The Iliad and The Odyssey.

What was the main purpose of Athenian education?

To produce well-rounded citizens.

What was the primary purpose of education in Sparta?

To develop military warriors.

What happened to newborn Spartan boys who appeared weak or unhealthy?

They were often left outdoors to die.

At what age were Spartan boys sent away from their families to begin military training?

Seven years old.

How did Spartans treat crying children?

They were not picked up or comforted.

Until what age did Spartan men have to continue sleeping in military barracks?

Thirty-five years old.

What were enslaved people in Sparta called?

Helots.

How many kings did Sparta have?

Two kings.

What was the main reason for Sparta's emphasis on military training?

To protect against foreign enemies and control helots.

What was unique about Spartan women compared to Athenian women?

They had more political rights.

What was the name of the military formation Spartans were famous for using?

Phalanx.

What word, meaning 'of few words,' comes from Sparta's region?

Laconic.

How long did military service continue for Spartan men?

Until age sixty.

What was the Delian League?

An alliance of Greek city-states for defense against Persia.

Where did the Delian League meet?

On the island of Delos.

What was Pericles known for being?

A powerful orator and leader.

What did Pericles do to strengthen Athenian democracy?

He paid citizens for government work.

What was the Parthenon?

A temple dedicated to Athena.

How many types of Greek columns were there?

Three.

Which type of column was used in the Parthenon?

Corinthian.

Who was Pheidias?

The most famous sculptor of ancient Greece.

Where was the Theater of Dionysus located?

Below the Acropolis.

What were the two main types of Greek drama?

Comedy and tragedy.

Who was the most famous comic playwright?

Aristophanes.

How many plays by Aeschylus have survived?

Seven.

What was Sophocles' most famous play?

Oedipus the King.

Who is considered the father of history?

Herodotus.

What was Hippocrates known for?

Creating the physician's oath.

How many people could the Theater of Dionysus hold?

Fifteen thousand.

What happened to the forty-foot-tall statue of Athena?

It was destroyed in ancient times.

Who paid for dramatic performances in Athens?

Wealthy citizens.

What did Athenian pottery often show?

Scenes from mythology and daily life.

What was the main reason Sparta was concerned about Athens?

Athens was becoming too powerful.

The Peloponnesian League was named after:

A mountainous peninsula in southern Greece.

In what year did the Peloponnesian War begin?

431 BCE.

What was Pericles' main strategy at the beginning of the war?

Avoid major land battles with Sparta.

Why did Pericles tell farmers to move inside Athens?

To keep them safe behind city walls.

What did the Spartans do to try to lure Athenians into battle?

Burned their farmhouses and crops.

What catastrophic event struck Athens in the second year of the war?

A plague.

What percentage of Athens' population died from the plague?

One-quarter.

What happened to Pericles during the plague?

He died.

Who was Alcibiades?

An Athenian leader.

What was Alcibiades' bold proposal?

To conquer Sicily.

Why did some Athenians distrust Alcibiades?

He showed disrespect for traditions.

What happened to the Athenian invasion of Sicily?

It was a disaster.

What did Alcibiades do when ordered to return to Athens?

He fled to Sparta.

How did the Spartans finally gain an advantage in the war?

They built their own navy.

In what year did Athens finally surrender?

404 BCE.

What did the Spartans force Athens to do after their victory?

Tear down their walls.

What happened to democracy in Athens after the nobles took power?

It was restored after one year.

What was Alexander's role before becoming king?

A student of Aristotle.

How old was Alexander when he became king?

About twenty years old.

Which empire did Alexander decide to attack after his father's death?

The Persian Empire.

How did Alexander's troops feel about him as a leader?

They were loyal because he fought alongside them.

How long did it take Alexander to establish his empire?

Eleven years.

What stopped Alexander's advance into India?

His army refused to continue fighting.

At what age did Alexander the Great die?

Thirty-three.

What happened to Alexander's empire after his death?

It was divided among five generals.

What was Alexandria, Egypt known for?

It's great library and learning center.

How many scrolls did the Library of Alexandria eventually contain?

More than seven hundred thousand.

What is the meaning of the phrase 'cutting the Gordian knot'?

Finding an unusual solution to a difficult problem.

What were Alexander's plans for the cities in his empire?

To build Greek-style public buildings and theaters.

Who was Ptolemy?

A ruler of Alexandria.

What happened to the Library of Alexandria?

It was destroyed by robberies, fires, and invasions.