Social Studies Final :fire:
Why did Plato flee Athens after Socrates was executed? He and other students felt unwelcome in Athens.
What was unique about Plato's teaching requirements at the Academy? Students had to master mathematics first.
What was Aristotle's concept of "the golden mean"? The balance between two extremes.
How did Plato's view of democracy differ from modern views? He thought philosophers should rule society.
What was at the center of Athenian democracy? The Assembly
What was the Boule? A council of 500 members that assisted the Assembly.
How many years would a citizen be banished during ostracism? Ten years
What was unique about Athenian juries compared to modern ones? They could have up to 501 members
How did jury members vote in court cases? Bronze ballot disks
Which requirement was NOT needed to be an Athenian citizen? Being wealthy
What role did women have in Athenian society? They managed religious affairs and family life.
Who were the metics in Athens? Foreign residents
Why did Athenians have such large juries? To reduce the risk of bribery
What was a symposium? A social gathering with food, drink, and discussion.
What was taught in Athenian schools? Rhetoric, logic, reading, writing, and music
What was a gymnasium in ancient Athens? An outdoor area for exercise
Which epic poems did Athenian students memorize? The Iliad and The Odyssey
What was the main purpose of Athenian education? To produce well-rounded citizensWhat was the primary purpose of education in Sparta? To develop military warriors
What happened to newborn Spartan boys who appeared weak or unhealthy? They were often left outdoors to die
At what age were Spartan boys sent away from their families to begin military training? Seven years old
How did Spartans treat crying children? They were not picked up or comforted
Until what age did Spartan men have to continue sleeping in military barracks? Thirty-five years old
What were enslaved people in Sparta called? Helots
How many kings did Sparta have? Two kings
What was the main reason for Sparta's emphasis on military training? To protect against foreign enemies and control helots
What was unique about Spartan women compared to Athenian women? They had more political rights
What was the name of the military formation Spartans were famous for using? Phalanx
What word, meaning "of few words," comes from Sparta's region? Laconic
How long did military service continue for Spartan men? Until age sixty
What was the Delian League? An alliance of Greek city-states for defense against Persia
Where did the Delian League meet? On the island of Delos
What was Pericles known for being? A powerful orator and leader
What did Pericles do to strengthen Athenian democracy? He paid citizens for government work
What was the Parthenon? A temple dedicated to Athena
How many types of Greek columns were there? Three
Which type of column was used in the Parthenon? Corinthian
Who was Pheidias? The most famous sculptor of ancient Greece
Where was the Theater of Dionysus located? Below the Acropolis
What were the two main types of Greek drama? Comedy and tragedy
Who was the most famous comic playwright? Aristophanes
How many plays by Aeschylus have survived? Seven
What was Sophocles' most famous play? Oedipus the King
Who is considered the father of history? Herodotus
What was Hippocrates known for? Creating the physician's oath
How many people could the Theater of Dionysus hold? Fifteen thousand
What happened to the forty-foot-tall statue of Athena? It was destroyed in ancient times
Who paid for dramatic performances in Athens? Wealthy citizens
What did Athenian pottery often show? Scenes from mythology and daily life
What was the main reason Sparta was concerned about Athens? Athens was becoming too powerful
The Peloponnesian League was named after: A mountainous peninsula in southern
In what year did the Peloponnesian War begin? 431 BCE
What was Pericles' main strategy at the beginning of the war? Avoid major land battles with Sparta
Why did Pericles tell farmers to move inside Athens? To keep them safe behind city walls
What did the Spartans do to try to lure Athenians into battle? Burned their farmhouses and crops
What catastrophic event struck Athens in the second year of the war? A plague
What percentage of Athens' population died from the plague? One-quarter
What happened to Pericles during the plague? He died
Who was Alcibiades? An Athenian leader
What was Alcibiades' bold proposal? To conquer Sicily
Why did some Athenians distrust Alcibiades? He showed disrespect for traditions
What happened to the Athenian invasion of Sicily? It was a disaster
What did Alcibiades do when ordered to return to Athens? He fled to Sparta
How did the Spartans finally gain an advantage in the war? They built their own navy
In what year did Athens finally surrender? 404 BCE
What did the Spartans force Athens to do after their victory? Tear down their walls
What happened to democracy in Athens after the nobles took power? It was restored after one year
What was Alexander's role before becoming king? A student of Aristotle
How old was Alexander when he became king? About twenty years old
Which empire did Alexander decide to attack after his father's death? The Persian Empire
How did Alexander's troops feel about him as a leader? They were loyal because he fought alongside them
How long did it take Alexander to establish his empire? Eleven years
What stopped Alexander's advance into India? His army refused to continue fighting
At what age did Alexander the Great die? Thirty-three
What happened to Alexander's empire after his death? It was divided among five generals
What was Alexandria, Egypt known for? It's great library and learning center
How many scrolls did the Library of Alexandria eventually contain? More than seven hundred thousand
What is the meaning of the phrase "cutting the Gordian knot"? Finding an unusual solution to a difficult problem
What were Alexander's plans for the cities in his empire? To build Greek-style public buildings and theaters
Who was Ptolemy? A ruler of Alexandria
What happened to the Library of Alexandria? It was destroyed by robberies, fires, and invasions