Motor Development FINAL EXAM

Ballistic Skills

Force applied to project an object

1-hand overarm

Most common overarm throwing forms

kicking

ball is struck

punting

ball dropped from hands

prehension

grasping of an object

hemispheric lateralization

left and right hemispheres are differentially specialized in control of reaching movement

dominant

movement trajectory

catching

objects caught in hands and manipulated

invariants

stability in kinematic values of a set of movements

aperture

opening and closing of hand

sensation

neural activity triggered by a stimulus

perception

multistage process in CNS

acuity

sharpness

retinal disparity

differences in images

motion parallax

change in optical location for objects at different distances

optic flow

changes in optical texture, transformation of optic array, as viwer moves

amodal invariants

patterns in space or time that do NOT differ across sensory perceptual modalities

active learning

movement activates brain and facilitates learning

Self-produced locomotion (Held and Hein - 1963)

deprived locomotor experience of kittens with equivalent perceptual experience. passive kittens failed to judge depth and to show certain behaviors. self-produced movement is necessary for perceptual development

Self-produced locomotion (Lockman - 1984; McKenzie and Bigelow - 1986)

challenged infants to move around barriers. With increase experience, spatial perception improved and was improved by 14 months.

body scale

individuals size relative to environment

short-term sensory store

info present is accepted prior to further processing lasts less than 1s, capacity seemingly limitless

short term memory

info delivered from STSS or LTM for further processing, “working memory”, lasts 1-60s, capacity of ~7 items)

long-term memory

processed info store permanently for future use, lasts seemingly forever, capacity seemingly limitless

anaerobic power

rate at which body can meet the demand for short-term intense activity

anaerobic capacity

maximum oxygen deficit body can tolerate

aerobic power

rate at which long-term oxygen demands are met

aerobic capacity

total energy available for prolonged activity