Biology Unit 7 Ecology

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23 Terms

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Biosphere

All areas with living organisms on the planet.

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Ecosystem

Community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

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Community

A group of individuals of different species living in the same place.

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Habitat

The natural home or environment of an organism.

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Population

A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area.

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Abiotic factors

Non-living factors that affect the distribution of organisms, such as temperature, sunlight, and water.

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Biotic factors

Living factors that affect the distribution of organisms, such as plants, animals, and competition.

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Mutualism

A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.

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Commensalism

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.

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Parasitism

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another.

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Autotrophs

Organisms that make their own food from simple substances, commonly known as producers.

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Heterotrophs

Organisms that obtain food from other organisms, commonly known as consumers.

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Detritivores

Organisms that obtain nutrients from nonliving organic matter.

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Saprotrophs

Organisms that live on or in non-living organic matter and absorb the products of digestion.

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Food chain

A linear feeding relationship between species, showing the transfer of energy.

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Food web

A diagram that represents how food chains are interconnected.

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Pyramid of biomass

A graphical representation of the biomass (total mass of living matter) at each trophic level in an ecosystem.

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Energy flow in ecosystems

The flow of energy through producers and consumers, with energy lost at each trophic level.

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Limiting factors

Environmental conditions that determine the rate of population growth.

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Threats to biodiversity

Factors such as habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, and hunting that threaten species diversity.

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Importance of biodiversity

Biodiversity ensures ecosystem resilience, providing essential resources and maintaining ecological balance.

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Endemic species

Species that are native to and found only in a specific geographic location.

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Methods of preserving biodiversity

Strategies such as habitat protection, pollution limitation, and establishment of protected areas.