Biology 198: Module 6 (plants)

What is the male part of a flower?

Stamen

What is the female part of a flower?

Carpel

What is two or more Carpels?

Pistil

What makes up a Stamen?

Anther and Filament

What makes up a Carpel?

Stigma, Style, and Ovary

Receptacle

Thickened nodule part of stem that flower blooms

Sepal

Green protective coating of plant

What are the two organ systems of plants?

Root and Shoot Systems

Node

Parts that hold individual leaf systems (or multiple)

Internode

Part of stem that distances nodes from eachother

Petiole

A stem of an individual leaf (part that connects a lead to the plant stem)

Hormones that impact plants

Auxin, Cytokines, Gibberellin, Ethylene, and Abscisic Acid

Auxin

Plant height

Cytokines

Width

Gibberellin

Heighth

Ethylene

Fruiting, leaf dropping, stress

Abscisic Acid

Inhibits other hormones

Sepals

Leafing out of the receptacle

A plant seed is:

3N

A Dicot stem is organized as:

Nicely organized rings

Tissue responsible for plant Width

Lateral Meristem

Tissue responsible for plant height

Apical Meristem

Tissue that brings water into plant

Xylem

Tissue that takes sugar and minerals out of plant

Phloem

Tropism

Turning of organism to respond to certain stimulus

Positive Tropism

Going towards stimulus

Negative Tropism

Going away from stimulus

Gravitropism

Turning or growing in response to gravity

Monocots flower in:

3's

Dicots flower in:

4's or 5's

The Xylem relies on?

Negative pressure (tension) from evaporating water on leaves to pull water from roots

Phloem relies on?

Positive pressure (from osmosis pressure behind) to push sugar and minerals from leaves down the plant

Parts of the rings of a Dicot stem:

(From outside-in) Epidermis, Cortex, endodermis, phloem, Xylem

Where is the Casparian Strip Located

Surrounding the endodermis

What increases the surface area of the roots (physically part of the plant?

Root hairs

What releases water vapor and Oxygen

Stroma

What surrounds the Stroma

Guard Cells

What structure do legumes grow for nitrogen fixation, and what is this relationship called?

Root Nodules (Rhizobium bacteria); mutualistic relationship

What fungi do plants use to increase surface area in a mutualistic relationship?

Mycorrhiza

What do guard cells use to open and close?

Osmosis due to Potassium (K+)

What are the three types of plants discussed in class?

N3, N4, and CAM

What are considered "normal" plants

N3

C4 plants tend to grow in ____ climates

Hot

CAM plants tend to grow in _____ _____ & ______ climates

Very Hot and Dry

Why do certain plants use the C4 and CAM pathways?

Maximize energy potential and to conserve water

What is photorespiration?

Uses O2 instead of CO2 (very bad); wastes ATP

When is CO2 fixation reduces in C4 plants

Cold environments

What is different about the Stomatic process in CAM plants

Stomata only open at night

Why is so little ATP available in food?

10x the energy is lost at each trophic level; the whole plant isn't eaten (same with the whole animal); some energy is always lost

Two nutrient sources in seeds:

Cotyledon or endosperm

Part of the seed that will become the shoot:

Epicotyl

Part of the seed that will become the root:

Radicle

Part of the seed that will connect the root and the shoot system:

Hypocotyl

Tap root system

A root system that grows down vertically

Fibrous Root system

Creates a vast root system very close to the surface

What protects the root from breaking if it hits rock

Root cap

A monocot leaf has _____ veins

Parallel

A eudicot leafs have a ____________

complicated net-like pattern

A dicot leaf has

Forking (or fanning) veins