Unit VII test study guide

Alfred Nobel

Swedish chemist who invented dynamite and used his fortune to create the Nobel Peace Prize.

Wilhelm II

German kaiser who ousted bismark from power and led his nation into WWI

Francis Ferdinand

Archduke and heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, his assisination was the spark that started WWII

Paul von Hindenburg

Brilliant German general who devised the strategy to defeat Russia in WWI

John J. Pershing

American general who led the American Expeditionary Forces to France to assist the allies to win WWI

George Clemenceau

French Premier who hosted the Paris Peace Conference which sought to severely punish Germany so they can’t invade France

Sigmund Freud

Pioneer in developing the social science called psychology, he developed theories to explain human behavior

Pablo Picasso

Spanish born, one of the greatest artists of the 20th century, influenced the movement called cubism

Igor Stravinsky

Russian composer whose innovative theory became known as polytonality and influenced music in the 20th century

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolshevik party who seized control of the revolution in Russia leading to the establishment of a communist state

Benito Mussolini

Rose to power in Italy and created a new type of totalitarian government called Fascism

Adolf Hitler

Created the Nazi party and rose to power in Germany by using propaganda to blame communists and Jews for Germany’s economic problems

Hirohito

Japanese emperor who led his nation into war to create a large empire in east Asia

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of Great Britain who inspired his nation to fight on during the darkest days of World War II

Erwin Rommel

German officer who helped lead the Nazis to victory in France and then in North Africa

Bernard L. Montgomery

British General who defeated the Germans at the battle of El Alamein during the tide for the Allies in North Africa

Dwight D Eisenhower

American general in charge of the campaigns in the European theatre, he successfully carried out the invasion on D-Day

Douglas MacArthur

American general who led the campaign in the Pacific theatre, he fulfilled his promise to return to the Philippines after defeating Japan

Franklin D. Roosevelt

American president who led the USA throughout WWII, he died in office before the final victory.

Bismarck System

System of alliances between Germany and its neighbors to provide mutual protection

Treaty of Versailles

Officially ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers

League of Nations

Formed after World War I, to prevent future conflicts and promote global cooperation

Locarno Pact

A series of treaties that aimed to secure peace in Europe after World War I, focused on guaranteeing the borders between Germany and its neighbors

Bolshiveks/Mensheviks

Political parties that led against czar Nicholas II

Isolationism

Policy in which the United States wouldn’t get involved with conflict

Lateran Treaties

Series of agreements between the Pope of Rome and the Government of Italy

Maginot line

The border between France and Germany on the French Side

Lend lease act

Allowed the United States to lend or lease war materials to allied nations

Atlantic charter

A joint declaration of war aims issued by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill

What was the name of the industrialist that provided the money to build the peace palace?

Andrew Carnegie

What were the causes of WWI?

Extreme nationalism, militarism, imperialism, rival alliances

What was the purpose of the Schlieffen Plan?

To keep germany from fighting a war on 2 fronts

What was the significance of the sinking of the Lusitania?

It killed hundreds of innocent people including americans who created it

Why did the United States finally enter WWI?

Due to the zimmerman telegram, the sinking of the Lusitania, and the german submarine campaign

What powerful nation did NOT join the league of nations?

The united states

What was the artistic movement in which artists painted what they felt about a subject?

Expressionism

Who was the writer of the complex work, The Waste Land?

T.S. Eliot

Who was the Menshevik leader of Russia’s provisional government?

Alexander Kerensky

What was the purpose of the comintern in the USSR?

To spread communism internationally

What was the purpose of the new economic policy that was implemented in the USSR?

Allowed for parts of capitalism to fix the economy

What American President was blamed for the Great Depression?

Herbert Hoover

Why did the Germans get involved in the Spanish Civil War?

To do a dress rehearsal to test and experiment with new weapons and armies, such as Hitler’s tanks

What's the meaning of the German word Blitzkrieg?

Lighting war; Fast war (strategy of war that the Germans used)

What was the main reason for Hitlers decision to attack the USSR?

To gain land for Germany and get Russian natural resources

What did Churchill say to honor his air force after the Battle of Britain?

“Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to few”

What did president Roosevelt call December 7, 1941?

Day of Infamy

What was the Military strategy called “Island-Hopping”

The United States would take over the Japanese Islands and establish military bases in those islands

What did D-Day refer to?

A day in which Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy