Unit VII test study guide
People:
Alfred Nobel - Swedish chemist who invented dynamite and used his fortune to create the Nobel Peace Prize.
Wilhelm II - German kaiser who ousted bismark from power and led his nation into WWI
Francis Ferdinand - Archduke and heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, his assisination was the spark that started WWII
Paul von Hindenburg - Brilliant German general who devised the strategy to defeat Russia in WWI
John J. Pershing - American general who led the American Expeditionary Forces to France to assist the allies to win WWI
George Clemenceau - French Premier who hosted the Paris Peace Conference which sought to severely punish Germany so they can’t invade France
Sigmund Freud - Pioneer in developing the social science called psychology, he developed theories to explain human behavior
Pablo Picasso - Spanish born, one of the greatest artists of the 20th century, influenced the movement called cubism
Igor Stravinsky - Russian composer whose innovative theory became known as polytonality and influenced music in the 20th century
Vladimir Lenin - Leader of the Bolshevik party who seized control of the revolution in Russia leading to the establishment of a communist state
Benito Mussolini - Rose to power in Italy and created a new type of totalitarian government called Fascism
Adolf Hitler - Created the Nazi party and rose to power in Germany by using propaganda to blame communists and Jews for Germany’s economic problems
Hirohito - Japanese emperor who led his nation into war to create a large empire in east Asia
Winston Churchill - Prime Minister of Great Britain who inspired his nation to fight on during the darkest days of World War II
Erwin Rommel - German officer who helped lead the Nazis to victory in France and then in North Africa
Bernard L. Montgomery - British General who defeated the Germans at the battle of El Alamein during the tide for the Allies in North Africa
Dwight D Eisenhower - American general in charge of the campaigns in the European theatre, he successfully carried out the invasion on D-Day
Douglas MacArthur - American general who led the campaign in the Pacific theatre, he fulfilled his promise to return to the Philippines after defeating Japan
Franklin D. Roosevelt - American president who led the USA throughout WWII, he died in office before the final victory.
Key Terms:
Bismarck System: System of alliances between Germany and its neighbors to provide mutual protection
Treaty of Versailles: officially ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers
League of Nations: formed after World War I, to prevent future conflicts and promote global cooperation
Locarno Pact: a series of treaties that aimed to secure peace in Europe after World War I, focused on guaranteeing the borders between Germany and its neighbors
Bolshiveks/Mensheviks: political parties that led against czar Nicholas II
Isolationism: policy in which the United States wouldn’t get involved with conflict
Lateran Treaties: series of agreements between the Pope of Rome and the Government of Italy
Maginot line: The border between France and Germany on the French Side
Lend lease act: allowed the United States to lend or lease war materials to allied nations
Atlantic charter: a joint declaration of war aims issued by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
Questions:
Ch 20:
What was the name of the industrialist that provided the money to build the peace palace?
Andrew Carnegie
What were the causes of WWI?
Extreme nationalism, militarism, imperialism, rival alliances
What was the purpose of the Schlieffen Plan?
To keep germany from fighting a war on 2 fronts
What was the significance of the sinking of the Lusitania?
It killed hundreds of innocent people including americans who created it
Why did the United States finally enter WWI?
Due to the zimmerman telegram, the sinking of the Lusitania, and the german submarine campaign
What powerful nation did NOT join the league of nations?
The united states
Ch 21:
What was the artistic movement in which artists painted what they felt about a subject?
Expressionism
Who was the writer of the complex work, The Waste Land?
T.S. Eliot
Who was the Menshevik leader of Russia’s provisional government?
Alexander Kerensky
What was the purpose of the comintern in the USSR?
To spread communism internationally
What was the purpose of the new economic policy that was implemented in the USSR?
Allowed for parts of capitalism to fix the economy
What American President was blamed for the Great Depression?
Herbert Hoover
Ch 22:
Why did the Germans get involved in the Spanish Civil War?
To do a dress rehearsal to test and experiment with new weapons and armies, such as Hitler’s tanks
What's the meaning of the German word Blitzkrieg?
Lighting war; Fast war (strategy of war that the Germans used)
What was the main reason for Hitlers decision to attack the USSR?
To gain land for Germany and get Russian natural resources
What did Churchill say to honor his air force after the Battle of Britain?
“Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to few”
What did president Roosevelt call December 7, 1941?
Day of Infamy
What was the Military strategy called “Island-Hopping”
The United States would take over the Japanese Islands and establish military bases in those islands
What did D-Day refer to?
A day in which Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy