biological psychology vocab quiz 1

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19 Terms

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central nervous system

The brain and the spinal cord

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peripheral nervous system

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.

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somatic nervous system

the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles

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autonomic nervous system

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs.

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sympathetic nervous system

The division of the ANS that arouses the body, mobilizing energy

Fight-or-flight”

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parasympathetic nervous system

The division of the ANS that calms the body, conserves energy

“Rest and Digest”

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endocrine system

the body's "slow" chemical

communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

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hormones

chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands and travel through the bloodstream

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adrenal glands

a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones like epinephrine and adrenaline that help arouse the body.

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pituitary gland

the endocrine system's most influential gland. Controlled by the hypothalamus, it regulates growth and controls other glands.

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pineal gland

Secretes melatonin which regulates the sleep-wake cycle

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sensory (afferent neurons)

neurons that carry incoming information from the body's tissues and sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

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motor (afferent) nerons

Carry information from the brain to muscles and neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

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terminal branches

elongated ends of the axon that end in a button like structure that join the dendrites of a receiving neuron at the synapse

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dendrites

a neuron's often busy, branching extensions that receive and integrate messages, conducting impulses toward the cell body

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axon

the neuron extension that carries messages away from the cell body, through its branches, to other neurons or to muscles or glands

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myelin sheath

a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next

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glial cells

cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons; create myelin sheath

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synapse

the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.