molecular genetics 3/10-3/14

beadle + tatum experiment

1 gene codes for 1 protein

gene

sequence of DNA

codon

the result of transcribing DNA triplets

transcription

making a copy of DNA using RNA polymerase

translation

code for the order of amino acid

template strand

gene that is being copied during transcription

transcription factor

binds to TATA box and turns the gene on

RNA polymerase

binds to promoter and makes mRNA

RNA splicing

removes intron and fuses together exons

intron

“bad gene”

extrons

“good gene”

alternative RNA splicing

changing which codons are extrons

tRNA

brings amino acid that corresponds to the mRNA to the ribosome

result of translation

sequence of amino acids peptide bonded together

polyribosomes

many ribosomes translate the same mRNA

substitution mutation

1 nucleotide is substituted for another

addition/deletion mutation

a nucleotide is added or taken away, causing a frame shift

misense

change in amino acids as a result of a mutation

nonsense

a premature stop codon

silence

no change as a result of the mutation