Spanish 2: Semester 1 Grammar

present tense, ar (yo)

-o

present tense, ar (tú)

-as

present tense, ar (él, ella, usted)

-a

present tense, ar (ellos, ellas, ustedes)

-an

present tense, ar (nosotros)

-amos

present tense, er/ir (yo)

-o

present tense, er/ir (tú)

-es

present tense, er/ir (él, ella, usted)

-e

present tense, er/ir (ellos, ellas, ustedes)

-en

present tense, er (nosotros)

-emos

present tense, ir (nosotros)

-imos

preterite tense, er/ir (yo)

-í

preterite tense, er/ir (tú)

-iste

preterite tense, er/ir (él/ella/usted)

-ió

preterite tense, er/ir (ellos/ellas/ustedes)

-ieron

preterite tense, er/ir (nosotros)

-imos

preterite tense, ar (yo)

-é

preterite tense, ar (tú)

-aste

preterite tense, ar (él/ella/usted)

-ó

preterite tense, ar (ellos/ellas/ustedes)

-aron

preterite tense, ar (nosotros)

-amos

direct object pronouns

me, te, lo/la, nos, las/los

indirect object pronouns

me, te, le, nos, les

preterite dar conjugations

di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron

preterite hacer conjugations

hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron

preterite ser conjugations

fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron

preterite ir conjugations

fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron

preterite stem andar (to walk)

anduv-

preterite stem caber (to fit)

cup-

preterite stem estar (to be)

estuv-

preterite stem haber (to have)

hub-

preterite stem poder (to be able)

pud-

preterite stem poner (to put, place)

pus-

preterite stem querer (to want)

quis-

preterite stem saber (to know facts)

sup-

preterite stem tenir (to have)

tuv-

preterite stem venir (to come)

vin-

preterite stem change endings

e, iste, o, imos, ieron

preterite conjugation of vestir

vestí, vestiste, vistió, vestimos, vistieron

present conjugation of vestir

visto, vistes, viste, vestimos, visten

present conjugation of morir

muero, mueres, muere, morimos, mueren

preterite conjugation of morir

morí, moriste, murió, morimos, murieron

list all -ir stem changing verbs

vestir, morir, dormir, pedir, preferir, and repetir

verbs ending in -zar: z changes to.... (preterite)

c (before e)

verbs ending in -car: c changes to.... (preterite)

qu (before e)

verbs ending in -gar: g changes to.... (preterite)

gu (before e)

verbs ending in -cir: c changes to.... (preterite)

j (no written accent)

verbs ending in _____________________change from i to y in the third person forms. other forms simply gain an accent on the letter i to avoid an audible diphthong

-aer, -eer, -oer, -uir, and -oir

examples of verbs that change from i to y in the third person forms

caer, oír, traer, atraer, and distraer

preterite progressive ending (ar)

-ando

preterite progressive ending (er/ir)

-iendo

er and ir verb stems not ending in a consonant use _________ rather than -iendo (present progressive)

-yendo

er and ir stem changing verbs use the e-i and o-u pattern in the...? (Think pedir to pidiendo)

present progressive form

spanish version of english verbs ending in -ing are called...

gerund/present participle

what verb always accompanies the gerund in the present progressive?

estar

ser is generally used to describe...

what a noun is (essential characteristics)

ser is generally used to describe...

how a noun is (condition)

ser conjugation (present tense)

soy, eres, es, somos, son

estar conjugation (present tense)

estoy, estás, está, estamos, están

essential characteristics, ser or estar?

ser

telling time, ser or estar?

ser

origin/nationality, ser or estar?

ser

occupation/religion, ser or estar?

ser

composition, ser or estar?

ser

possession/ownership, ser or estar?

ser

relationships, ser or estar?

ser

impersonal expressions, ser or estar?

ser

events, ser or estar?

ser

condition, ser or estar?

estar

progressive actions, ser or estar?

estar

idiomic expressions, ser or estar?

estar

physical location, ser or estar?

estar

for phonetic reasons, adjectives that end in -z change to ________ in the plural form

-ces

adjectives need to agree in _________ and _________ with the noun they modify

gender and number

imperfect tense, ar (yo)

-aba

imperfect tense, ar (tú)

-abas

imperfect tense, ar (él, ella, usted)

-aba

imperfect tense, ar (ellos, ellas, ustedes)

-ábamos

imperfect tense, ar (nosotros)

-aban

imperfect tense, er/ir (yo)

-ía

imperfect tense, er/ir (tú)

-ías

imperfect tense, er/ir (él, ella, usted)

-ía

imperfect tense, er/ir (ellos, ellas, ustedes)

-íamos

imperfect tense, er/ir (nosotros)

-ían

the imperfect tense is used to talk about....

an ongoing action in the past (used to)

ser conjugation (imperfect tense)

era, eras, era, éramos, eran

ir conjugation (imperfect tense)

iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, iban

ver conjugation (imperfect tense)

veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veían

what tense is used when talking about ongoing activities or habitual actions, describing characteristics and conditions, expressions of time, age, or state of mind?

imperfect tense

what tense is used when talking about completed actions?

preterite tense

what verbs have a different meaning between the preterite and the imperfect tenses?

conocer, poder, querer, no querer, saber

what verbs can be used in some weather expressions?

hay

impersonal past form of haber?

había

option a for expressing time with hacer

hace (time) que (activity)

option b for expressing time with hacer

(activity) desde hace (time)

when expressing time, where would you put a "no"?

before the verb

reflexive pronouns

me, te, se, nos, se

reflexive verbs are always accompanied by a ___________________, placed at the end of the infinitive

reflexive pronoun

a verb is ____________ if the subject and the object of a sentence are the same

reflexive

if the subject of a sentence also receives the action of the verb, it will be....?

reflexive