Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, and Related Metabolic Pathways

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to glycogen metabolism, gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and lipid digestion.

Glycogenesis

The synthesis of glycogen from glucose, occurring in the cytosol and stimulated by insulin.

Glycogenolysis

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose, occurring in the cytosol and stimulated by glucagon.

Rate-limiting enzyme in Glycogenesis

Glycogen synthase, responsible for the elongation of glycogen chains.

Rate-limiting enzyme in Glycogenolysis

Glycogen phosphorylase, responsible for the shortening of glycogen chains.

Gluconeogenesis

Metabolic pathway that synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate materials such as pyruvate and lactate.

Cori Cycle

The process where lactate formed in muscle cells is transferred to the liver and converted back to glucose.

Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP)

A metabolic pathway producing NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate from glucose-6-phosphate.

Rate-limiting step of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

The conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate.

Hexokinase

An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate.

Role of ATP in Glycolysis

ATP is required for the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.

Digestion of Lipids

The process in which dietary triacylglycerols (TAGs) are hydrolyzed into free fatty acids.

Function of Lipoprotein lipases

Enzymes that mediate the hydrolysis of TAGs in the bloodstream.

Monoacylglycerols

Products of TAG hydrolysis that form fatty acid micelles in the small intestine.