SOC*2070 Social Deviance

Deviance

The violation of a substantial social norm in the wrong context.

Deviant

The person who violates a substantial social norm

Social Control

The flip side (opposite) of deviance

ABC Deviance

Attitudes & Beliefs, Behaviour & Action, Conditions Characteristics

Normative (one of two traditional ways to study deviance)

Are the rules of this particular society being broken?

Reactive (one of two traditional ways to study deviance)

Are people presently condemning the person?

Soft Reativist

Goode's position - acknowledges that the public reaction is the most important part, but it is not the only part.

Societal deviance

Breaking the norms of the overall society, the consensus of the vast majority.

Situational deviance

Some things that break social norms in general are accepted in certain situations, and some social norms are not acceptable in certain situations--like wearing clothes on a nude beach.

Secret deviance

If a person hides his heroin habit and is not exposed, there is no public condemnation, but what he is doing is still deviant because he knows that he would be condemned if people knew.

Imaginary deviance

Similarly, a person might be stigmatized or punished for an imaginary act of deviance: a woman falsely accused of adultery might get stoned to death in Saudi Arabia

Predictability

The extreme reactive approach does not acknowledge predictability, because it judges deviance only as stuff that is already being condemned--not what would be condemned if they happened or were discovered.

Positivist paradigm

"Why do they do it?"

Social Constructionist

"Why is it deviant?"

The higher one's SES the more one is likely to be a binge drinker or otherwise to have had recently multiple drinks at one sitting.

False

Alcohol is used more than marijuana in North America.

True

In North American society, if a man sexually assaults a woman the social audience or jury will be more likely to diminish the severity of his offence or his culpability if he was intoxicated.

True

The higher one's SES (social-economic status, including education) the more one is likely to have had a drink in the last year or otherwise to NOT be an abstainer of alcohol.

True

Alcohol is a stimulant, not a depressant.

False

SES (social-economic status)

is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation.

In North American society, if a man sexually assaults a woman the social audience or jury will be less sympathetic to the victim if she had been intoxicated.

True

In Ontario, the legal limit for adults for Blood alcohol content while driving/in command of a motor vehicle

0.05%

In Ontario, the legal limit for teen drivers (minors) for Blood alcohol content while driving/in command of a motor vehicle

0%

Some ethnic groups and countries have higher rates of alcoholism than others.

True

Most illegal drug use is marijuana use-it is more popular than the other illegal drugs combined.

True

Alcohol contains calories but no nutrients.

True

Pure alcohol in a beverage is also known as 100 proof.

False - Alcohol proof in the United States is defined as twice the percentage of alcohol by volume. Consequently, 100-proof whiskey contains 50% alcohol by volume; 86-proof whiskey contains 43% alcohol.

If you live in an area with a large amount of alcohol sales (i.e. bars and liquor stores) your chance of being seriously assaulted is increased.

True

Alcohol intoxication by women increases the likelihood of being sexually victimized by men.

True

Cocaine as a drug is best considered to be

A stimulant

The substance in marijuana that determines how strong a high it produces is

THC

The Native reserve noted for the success of its anti-alcoholism campaign is

Alkali Lake

According to a NSDUH report, drinkers are how many times more likely to use illicit drugs than non-drinkers?

ten times more likely

Those who consume both alcohol and cigarettes are how many times more likely to use illicit drugs than those who do neither?

Over twenty times as likely

Charles Krauthamer in his article "Defining Deviancy Up" disagrees with Moynihan that violent crimes have become normalized and accepted.

False

Functionalists tended to focus on the impact or "functions" of a practice or institution for the society as a whole rather than for designated segments of the society.

True

Few of the norms of any society are dedicated to protecting its members from identifiable material harm and the society as a whole from chaos and disintegration.

True

Labeling or interactionist theorists have tended to emphasize the "stickiness" of negative labels.

True

Feminist theorists of deviance have charged that the field, as a general rule and until very recently, has regarded:

the deviance of men as deviance in general, whereas the deviance of women has been seen as specialized deviance.

He said that the evil of prostitution could still be good for society

St. Augustine

Empiricism

The assumption that the material world is real and can be understood through the senses is referred to as

One of the arguments feminists make about prefeminist theories of deviance is that these theories ignored the deviance of women and, when they occasionally discussed it, they also tended to focus on a very narrow range of types of deviance. Two of these stereotypical female types of deviance were prostitution and shoplifting. A third was:

Mental illness

Which of the following questions would a labeling or interactionist theorist be most likely to ask?

What happens when someone is condemned or stigmatized as a deviant?

In the social sciences, positivism is the application of the scientific approach to the study of human behavior.

True

The architects of Self-Control Theory, Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi, argue that their explanation of crime complements or is compatible with all of the other sociological theories of criminal behavior.

False

Anomie or Strain theory is based on the idea that adherence to conventional values can cause unconventional behavior.

True

According to the article, the levels of lead poisoning in America has increased in recent years.

False

Positivism's central mission is

devising scientific explanations for phenomena.

As a general rule, sociologists of deviance with a positivistic orientation tend to ignore or underplay:

an investigation into the nature of social norms and social categories

Positivistic theories of deviance are centrally concerned with an answer to the question:

Why do some people engage in deviance?

An example that fits the category innovators in "Merton's Strain Theory" is

Drug dealers and gangsters

What is the central explanatory factor of Differential Association Theory?

learned definitions that facilitate crime

Over time, what is considered deviant can be defined "up" (i.e., more acts regarded as deviant) or "down" (i.e., fewer acts defined as deviant).

True

In a given society, almost everyone agrees on what's right and wrong.

False

According to Moynihan in "Defining Deviancy Down," we should move to a more inclusive and open society without anyone seen as deviant.

False

According to Moynihan in "Defining Deviancy Down," the number of people a community can afford to label as deviants is likely to remain about the same over time.

True

According to Moynihan in "Defining Deviancy Down," what sociologist saw crime as normal?

Emile Durkheim

A person who uses illegal drugs illicitly so that none of his friends, family, and co-workers find out is an example of

secret deviance

The definition of deviance most widely used in the field of the sociology of deviance is one based on

None of the above/following (statistical rarity, harm to the society, mental illness., or absolute immorality: i.e. the violation of God's law.)

Cognitive deviance includes

holding unpopular, unconventional, unorthodox, or despised religious beliefs.

Sociologically, deviance takes place or exists

everywhere and anywhere people engage in behavior, hold and express beliefs, and possess traits that others regard as unacceptable or reprehensible.

Murder

Wrongful killing

Primal Law

Evolved out of natural behaviour. A high consensus that the crimes are wrong (ex. Murder, rape, theft, arson, and public nudity)

When an ethnic (or other social group) is accused of being both unusually evil and possessing unusual abilities, this is not dehumanization but demonization.

true

The book The Protocols of the Elders of Zion was written by Jewish rabbis to explain how to deal with anti-Semitism.

false

The religious group that is subject to the most lethal violence from other groups (outside of their religion) are Moslems.

false

According to sociologists, races have a biological basis and are usually not products of social constructionism.

false

According to the instructor, statistical gaps between the achievement (i.e. incomes) of different social groups prove discrimination.

false

According to the instructor, statistical gaps between the achievement (i.e. incomes) of different social groups prove discrimination.

true

Edward Said's concept "Orientalism" applies best to Asians such as the Chinese, and not either to Africans or people of the Middle East.

false

Author Tarek Fatah said that anti-Semitism among Moslems is basically a product of the existence of Israel and would go away if Israel could vanish.

false

There was a time in America when groups such as the Irish and Italians may not have been considered White.

true

Amitai Etzioni said that racial profiling is not always racist and can even be helpful for minorities.

true

Example of Robbery

Mugging - Robbery involves force and or intimidation

In the USA, the Black homicide rate is this much more times than the White rate:

6x

An example of an FBI Index Crime is:

Rape. Other index crimes include willful homicide, forcible rape, robbery, burglary, aggravated assault, larceny over $50, motor vehicle theft, and arson.

In regards to the Duke Lacrosse Team rape case as mentioned in "Justice Delayed," what happened to the prosecutor Mr. Nifong?

he was disbarred

Which of the following statements about murder is true?

Men are more likely to be murder victims than women.

Murder is completely unrelated to social class; the likelihood that someone will kill or be killed is equal at all strata of the socioeconomic spectrum.

False

Murders are overwhelmingly intraracial; the race of the killer and the victim tend to be the same.

True

The more intimate the relationship, the greater the likelihood, on a statistical basis, that one person will kill another.

True

Murders are overwhelmingly intragendered; the sex of the killer and the victim tend to be the same.

False

The number of Christians killed each year for being Christian is estimated at about:

100,000

This accusation and charge has repeatedly been made against the Jews, and only against the Jews, to increase feelings of anti-Semitism:

Blood libel - an accusation that Jewish people used the blood of Christians in religious rituals, especially in the preparation of Passover bread, that was perpetrated throughout the Middle Ages and (sporadically) until the early 20th century.

This group has been discriminated against as both a religious and an ethnic category:

Jews

One reason mentioned in the website for the recent rise of Islamophobia was that social scientists

were surprised by the resurgence of the importance of religion

xenophobia

The fear or hatred of foreigners

In the Muslim world, Americans are regarded as deviants and are in effect anathematized.

True

ethnocentrism

evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.

Tarek Fatah said that Anti-Semitism would fall sharply if the Israeli-Palestianian conflict would end.

False

As mentioned in the website, without discrimination, all ethnic groups would have the same achievement without significant gaps.

No

GHP

aka The date rape drug

Of the following drugs, which one has the highest proportion of at-least-one-time users who are most likely to "stick with" or continue using it?

Alcohol

LSD was associated with this colorful figure:

Timothy Leary

According to the text, about this percentage of Americans have used heroin:

1.6%

Methamphetmine (crystal meth) belongs to this family of drugs:

Stimulants

A "moral panic" over the use of crack and powdered cocaine erupted in the United States during the late 1980s, but it subsided somewhat after that.

True

Smoking crack produces an instant dependence; once you start, you can't stop.

False

According to the article "A Canadian perspective on the War on Drugs and drug policy reform" Canada was the first country to legalize medical marijuana.

True

The dependency potential of LSD is extremely low

True