Treaties, Doctrines, Pacts & Treaties [1870’s-1930’s]

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20 Terms

1
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Treaty of Versailles

  • Signed June 28, 1919

  • Alsace and Lorraine went to France

  • Saar and Rhineland shared between France and Germany

  • Germany had to pay France 6.6 B Pounds in reparation

  • Germany lost a lot of industrial land

  • Was demilitarized (6 battleships, 100,000 troops, no tanks)

  • Lost African colonies to being mandates

  • War-guilt clause

  • Resulted in Germany’s resentment towards major European powers

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Treaty of Saint-Germain

  • signed september 1919

  • Country involved: Austria

  • Lost land to Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Italy, Romania

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Treaty of Neuilly

  • signed in november 1919

  • signed with Bulgaria

  • lost territory to Greece, Yugoslavia and Romania

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Treaty of Sevres

  • August 1920

  • Signed with Turkey

  • Lost territory to Greece, Italy, France, and Britain

  • Left the Darnadelles permanently open for trade and shipping

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Treaty of Trianon

  • signed in August 1920

  • made with Turkey

  • Merged countries and shifted boundaries with Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Romania

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The Genoa Conference

  • 1922

  • David Lloyd George (Britain) wanted all the countries to meet in Italy to discuss German reparations

  • The countries all backed out of the conference

  • France was unwilling to compromise

  • Germany was the first to back out, Russia second (wanting to build their relationship with Germany, resulted in the Rapallo Pact)

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Rapallo Pact

  • April 16th 1922

  • renounced mutual territorial claims

  • Germany recognized the bolsheviks as the government of Russia

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Treaty of Lausanne

  • July 24, 1923

  • Set borders of Turkey, Greece, and Bulgaria

  • Set Turkey as independent

  • Turkey’s reparations were nullified

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Locarno Conference/Treaties

  • 1925

  • Treaty of Mutual Guarantee: Stated Britain and Italy would assist France in the event that they fell victim to acts of aggression from Germany, but the terms werent binding; France has false security

  • Aims: creating stability in Europe

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Dawes Plan

  • 1924

  • Aims: reasoning with France about occupying the Ruhr

  • France withdrew from the Ruhr, under the implication that Germany would pay their reparations

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Kellogg-Briand Pact

  • 1928

  • Aims: to renounce war

  • Outcome: the treaty didn’t outline what would happen if a country broke the pact, and it rendered it useless

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Young Plan

  • 1929

  • France wanted to reduce Germany’s reparations

  • Outcome: Germany’s owed reparations went from 6.6B to 2B

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World Disarmament Conference

  • 1932-1933

  • Aims: reducing arms

  • Germany pulled out to rearm as they were the only country to follow the terms of the TOV and WDC

  • outcome: ended in disarray; countries decided it was more important to protect their national security than avoid an arms race

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Monroe Doctrine

  • 1823

  • The U.S. & western hemisphere established isolationism against european affairs

  • any attempt from Europe to involve themselves in western affairs would be seen as a threat, and the U.S. would intervene

  • The U.S. vs Russia dispute over ownership of Alaska was the fuel for this doctrine

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Platt Amendment

  • Post Spanish-American war

  • U.S. claims Guam, P.R., and the Phillipines

  • Cuba was forced to agree with the amendment to get protection from the U.S. and add it to their constitution

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Treaty of Portsmouth

  • Ended the Russo-Japanese war

  • Japanese presence in South Manchuria & Korea was recognized

  • Last event of U.S. & Japanese cooperation

  • Part of Korea is controlled by Japan

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Paris Peace Conference

  • took place post-WW1 to settle disputes

  • Germany was blamed for starting WW1, therefore not invited

  • Russia wasnt invited due to the rise of communism

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Anglo-German Naval Agreement

  • Britain and Germany made the agreement to allow Germany to make its army 35% of Britains army.

  • A part of Britain’s appeasement towards Germany

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Conference of Berlin

  • 13 states came together to discuss a treaty regarding the divide of Africa

  • began as peaceful but ended in chaos

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Treaty of Berlin

  • abolished slavery

  • officially stating what land was taken and it being recognized by other Euroopean countries

  • keeping the trade routes (Suez) open