BIO 181 Chp 4 Vocab

Vacuole

Site that provides storage; regulation of cell volume (plant cell)

Ribosomes

Cell components involved in polypeptide (protein) synthesis

Lysosomes

Site where macromolecules are degraded/digestion and recycling

Mitochondria

Site of ATP synthesis (energy)

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Nucleus

Area where most of the genetic material is organized and expressed

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Site of protein synthesis, sorting, and secretion

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Site of detoxification and lipid synthesis and processing

Plasma Membrane/Cell Membrane

Encloses the cytoplasm (bacteria)

Selectively permeable layer that controls movement of substances into and out of the cell; site of cell signalling (animal)

Cell Wall

Provides support and protection

Golgi Apparatus

Site of modification, sorting, and secretion of lipids (fats) and proteins/protein, lipid, and carb processing

Peroxisome

Site where hydrogen peroxide and other harmful molecules are broken down/small organelles that contain the enzyme catalase

Cytosol

Site of many metabolic pathways

Cytoplasm

Site of metabolism

Cytoskeleton

Protein filaments that provide shape and aid in movement

Glycocalyx

Outer gelatinous covering

Nucleoid

Site where the DNA is found

Pili

Allow bacteria to attach to surfaces and to each other

Flagella

Allow certain bacteria to swim

Cell Theory

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. Cells are the smallest units of life
3. New cells come only from pre-existing cells from cell division

Four Basic Characteristics of Cells

1. Ribosomes
2. Plasma Membrane
3. Cytoplasm
4. Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA)

DNA

Stores genetic information

RNA

Acts as an intermediary in the process of protein synthesis and plays other important roles