history chapter 6

Industrial revolution

A radical change in which manual labour was replaced by machines.

Modern age

The period in time from 1800 up to now.

Entrepreneurs

Persons who start or run a business with the goal of making profit.

Steam power

An energy source derived from heating water; steam is the gas phase of water.

Factories

Large buildings in which machines are operated to make a product.

Services

A work sector in which people offer their service in exchange for money.

Capitalism

An economic system in which making profit and private ownership are essential.

Employer

A person or institution which hires employees to do a certain job in exchange for a wage.

Employee

Works for an employer in exchange for a wage.

Socialism

A political and economic system in which equality is important; ways of making money are owned by the whole society.

Trade union

Organisation of labourers and union leaders with the goal of improving the work situation.

Social issue

The problem of bad working, health, and living conditions of the labourers.

Social laws

Laws that helped to improve the living and working conditions of labourers.

Constitutional reform

An adjustment to the constitution.

Conservative

Someone who thinks that tradition is important; change is opposed.

Progressive

Someone who thinks change is important in a society.

Liberalism

Political philosophy in which freedom of the individual is most important.

Confessionalism

Political philosophy in which laws in a country should be based on religion.

Political party

A group of people with the same political ideas that work together to win elections and govern a country.

Feminism

A political philosophy based on equal rights for women.

Passive vote right

The right to be elected and to participate in government.

Active vote right

The right to vote during political elections.

Imperialism

The occupation of large parts of the world by European nations.

White supremacy

The racist view that 'white' Europeans are better than other people.

Berlin conference

Representatives of European nations met to discuss how Africa should be divided amongst them.

Scramble for Africa

The division and occupation of Africa by European powers.

Dutch Indies

The name the Dutch gave to their colony on the Indonesian archipelago.

Cultivation system

A system in which the Dutch forced Indonesian farmers to work for them.

Aceh war

Military conflict between the Dutch.