history chapter 6

6.1 The industrial revolution

Industrial revolution: a radical change in which manual labour was replaced by machines

Modern age: the period in time from 1800 up to

now

Entrepreneurs: persons who start or run a business with the goal of making profit

Steam power: an energy source that is derived from heating water; steam is the gas phase of water

Factories: large buildings in which machines are operated to make a product

Services: a work sector in which people offer their service in exchange for money; other sectors are agriculture and industry

6.2 The social issue

Capitalism: an economic system in which making profit and private ownership are essential

Employer: a person or institution which hires employees to do a certain job in exchange for a wage

Employee: works for an employer in exchange for a wage

Socialism: a political and economic system in which equality is important; ways of making money are owned by the whole society

Trade union: organisation of labourers and union leaders with the goal of improving the work situation

Social issue: the problem of bad working, health and living conditions of the labourers Social laws: laws that helped to improve the living and working conditions of labourers

6.3 The rise of the -isms

Constitutional reform: an adjustment to the constitution

Conservative: someone who thinks that tradition is important; change is opposed Progressive: someone who thinks change is important in a society

Liberalism: political philosophy in which freedom of the individual is most important

Confessionalism: political philosophy in which laws in a country should be based on religion Political party: a group of people with the same political ideas that work together to win elections and govern a country

Feminism: a political philosophy based on equal rights for women

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The Industrial Revolution

Passive vote right: the right to be elected and to participate in government

Active vote right: the right to vote during political elections

6.4 Imperialism

Imperialism: the occupation of large parts of the world by European nations

White supremacy: the racist view that 'white' Europeans are better than other people

Berlin conference: representatives of European nations met to discuss how Africa should be divided amongst them

Scramble for Africa: the division and occupation of Africa by European powers

Dutch Indies: the name the Dutch gave to their colony on the Indonesian archipelago

Cultivation system: a system in which the Dutch forced Indonesian farmers to work for them Aceh war: military conflict between the Dutch