Studied by 4 people
What are the two general components of all connective tissue?
cells and extracellular matrix
What are the two components of a connective tissue cell?
Fibroblasts and immune cells
What is another word for fibroblasts?
fibrocytes
What is the job of a fibroblast?
make the extracellular matrix
What happens if a fibroblast is activated?
It becomes a myofibroblast
What is the job of a myofibroblast?
aids in wound healing by using contractile fibers to shrink the wound
Where are myofibroblasts located?
damaged tissues
What is the job of an immune cell in connective tissue?
Patrol the tissue to identify invaders
What are the two components of the extracellular matrix?
Fibers and ground substance
What color do fibers stain in extracellular matrix of connective tissue?
pink
What are the two types of connective tissue fibers?
Collagen and elastin
What two things do fibroblasts produce?
Collagen and ground substance
What is the most common connective tissue fiber type?
collagen
What is the job of collagen?
Have tensile strength due to braided structure
How many different types of collagen are there?
28
What is collagen type 1?
main structural collagen of fibrous tissues such as ligaments and tendons
What is collagen type 2?
Main structural collagen of hyaline cartilage
What is collagen type 3?
meshwork of fleshy organs
What is collagen type 3 also known as?
Reticulin
How can you see reticulin?
Use special reticulin stain
What is type 4 collagen?
collagen of basement membrane
What is the job of elastin?
stretch and recoil
How do we not get squished under gravity?
Ground substance
What is the job of ground substance?
to attract water and form a gel for compression resistance so we dont get squished by gravity
Where is elastin found?
places that need stretch such as nuchal ligament and urinary bladder
How does elastin appear on slide?
pink
How does ground substance appear on slide?
Clear
What is ground substance made of?
proteoglycans
What makes up a proteoglycan?
Glycosaminoglycans (bristle) and protein backbones (brush backbone)
What is the purpose behind proteoglycans?
to keep water from pooling at feet
What is the main cell type of connective tissue proper?
fibroblasts
What is the main fiber type of connective tissue proper?
collagen
What is the purpose of connective tissue proper?
hold together and support tissues
What are the two types of connective tissue proper?
Dense and loose
What are the two types of dense connective tissue proper?
Regular and irregular
What are the 4 characteristics of loose connective tissue?
LOTS of ground substance
few collagen fibers
sparse fibroblasts
form mesentary
What is mesentary?
guts
What are the three characteristics of dense, irregular connective tissue?
LOTS of collagen fibers arranged IRREGULAR
less ground substance
few fibroblasts
What is the purpose of dense, irregular connective tissue?
resists movement in MANY directions
Where is dense, irregular connective tissue?
dermis, submucosa, organ capsule
What are the two biggest differences between dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue?
1.resisting movement in many vs one direction 2. Parallel collagen fibers vs irregular collagen fibers
What are the three characteristics of dense, regular connective tissue?
LOTS of collagen fibers (parallel configuration)
less ground substance
Few fibroblasts
What is the purpose of dense, regular connective tissue?
resist movement in ONE direction
Where is dense, regular connective tissue?
Found in tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis
What is similar between dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue?
they both have little ground substance and little fibroblasts
What are two characteristics of dense, irregular connective tissue on slide?
Sparse nuclei and TONS of cytoplasms
What are the special fibroblasts of reticular connective tissue?
reticular cells
What are the two types of adipose tissue?
White and Brown
What is the cell type of adipose tissue?
adipocyte
What are the synonyms for an adipocyte?
lipocyte/fat cell
Where are white and brown fat cells in the body in relation to one another?
Stay away from one another
What are the three functions of white adipose tissue?
energy storage
impact protection
insulation
Where is white adipose tissue found?
Everywhere
What does white adipose tissue look like on slides?
Bubblewrap
What is the structure of white adipose tissue?
single peripheral nucleus, signet ring shaped, one large lipid droplet
What is the function of brown adipose tissue?
thermoregulation by creating heat rather than ATP
Where can you find brown adipose tissue?
neonates, hibernating animals, rodents
What is the cell type of brown adipose tissue?
brown adipocyte
What is the structure of brown adipose tissue?
multiple, small lipid droplets; more mitochondria; plumper looking nucleus
What are the three types of muscles?
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What are the synonyms for muscle cells?
muscle fibers, myofibers, myocytes
What are the three contents of all muscle cells?
nuclei, cytoplasm, contractile filaments
What are the contractile filaments?
Actin and myosin
How do contractile filaments work?
they slide past one another
What is smooth muscle for?
Involuntary movement
Where is smooth muscle found?
GI, uterus, blood vessels, skin, iris
What cell shape is found in smooth muscle?
Spindle cells
Which muscle types have visible striations?
Cardiac and skeletal
What is visible striation mean?
Filaments arranged orderly
What is the purpose of skeletal muscle?
Primarily voluntary movement (locomotor muscles and some sphincters), SOME involuntary movement (diaphragm)
What is the organization of skeletal muscles?
muscle> fasicle> myofiber> myofibril> filament
What surrounds each level of skeletal muscle organization?
connective tissue
What are myofibers made of?
many peripheral nuclei, sarcoplasmic reticulum, complex cell membrane, parallel myofibrils
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a myofiber for?
coordination of contraction
What is a sarcomere?
contractile unit (actin and myosin)
What is the term for multiple peripheral nuclei?
syncytial cells
What is the purpose of cardiac muscle?
Involuntary movement regarding the heart beat
What is the myocardium composed of?
cardiac muscle
What are cardiomyocytes?
short, branched cardiac muscle cells that can contract
What is special about cardiac muscle cells?
They have one central nuclei
What are intercalated discs?
connect adjacent cardiomyocytes which anchors myofibrils
What are cardiac purkinje fibers for?
specialize in electrical signal conduction for contracting cardiomyocytes
What do several muscle filaments make up?
a myofibril
What do several myofibrils make up?
myofiber
What do several myofibers make up?
fasicle
What do several fasicles make up?
a muscle
What is made up of fibers and ground substance?
Extracellular matrix
What are fibroblasts and immune cells part of?
Connective tissue
What are some examples of where you can find reticulin?
lymph node****, spleen, liver, brain
***= in her slide and not a known organ you think of
What cell type is found in adipose tissue?
adipocyte
What is the shape of fibroblasts?
spindle shaped
Where can you find loose connective tissue?
Mesentary (guts)
Where can you find dense, irregular connective tissue?
skin, submucosa, organ capsules
Where can you find dense, regular connective tissue?
tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis
Where can you find reticulin?
parenchymal organs such as liver, spleen, and lymph node
Where will you find elastin?
blood vessels, vocal cord, nuchal ligament
What do actin and myosin together make up?
sarcomere
What is collagen?
the fiber within connective tissue
What type of connective tissue has more collagen fibers?
dense connective tissue
What connective tissue type has a smaller amount of collagen fibers?
loose connective tissue
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