Goodwin Process Acronyms

P1-4

Period 1 Acronym (1200-1450)

Mongol EDICTS

Period 2 Acronym (1450-1750)

TIME CRASH

Period 3 (1750-1900)

IM SWINE)

Period 4 (1900-2001)

AGED FACTS

M in Mongol Edicts

Mongol Takeover

• Swahili people spread from the East African coast throughout the Indian Ocean basin using Dhow ships

• Abbasid Muslims moved to China via the Silk Road during Pax Mongolica, helping diversify East Asia

E in Mongol Edicts

Empire Ruling Systems

• Kublai Khan adopted Confucianism in the Yuan Dynasty, but his tolerance allowed for a diverse empire

• The Mandate of Heaven (divine rule) in Ming China gave absolute power to the emperor

D in Mongol Edicts

Diaspora (movement of people from their homelands)

• Swahili people spread from the East African coast throughout the Indian Ocean basin using Dhow ships

• Abbasid Muslims moved to China via the Silk Road during Pax Mongolica, helping diversify East Asia

I in Edicts

Intellectual Transfers (movement of ideas)

• Mongols moved Algebra from Middle East to China, aided by the printing press.

• Miniature Painting from China spread to Persia due to Pax Mongolica, increasing cultural diffusion

C in Edicts

Cultural Diffusion

• Islam spread to Russia via the Mongols along the Silk Road through violence and tax incentives

• Monsoon winds, harnessed by the Dhow, spread Buddhism and Islam throughout the Indian Ocean

T in Edicts

Trade Route Competition (Indian Ocean vs. Silk Road)

• The Inca used the M’ita System to build roads throughout South America and increase trade

• Caravanserai were used on the silk road for traders to rest and obtain provisions, operating like ports

S in Edicts

Spread of Technology

• Gunpowder from industrial Song China moved west, leading to the Siege of Constantinople in 1453

• The Compass left China during Pax Mongolica which would later transform ocean travel (Iberians).

T in Time Crash

Trade Growth

• The Spanish claimed the Philippines in order to move silver from Potosi (South America) to Ming China

• Through the Treaty of Tordesillas, the Portuguese assumed control of Indian Ocean trade

I in Time Crash

Imperialism

• The British pushed out Amerindians in North America in order to create tobacco plantations

• Led by Vasco de Gama, the Portuguese took over Southern Africa to refit ships en route to Asia

M in Time Crash

Mercantilism

• The British planted colonies in North America where they made money from tobacco in Virginia.

• The Dutch East India Company was used to monopolize the spice trade in the Indian Ocean.

E in Time Crash

Education Movements

• Luther began The Reformation (Mongols moved the printing press from China), increasing individual rights

• The Scientific Revolution led by Copernicus (heliocentric theory) enabled the Industrial Revolution

C in Time Crash

Colombian Exchange

• The Potato from South America which helped to increase populations in the Old World

• Europeans brought Smallpox to the Americas, killing 90% of Native Americans in the 1500s

R in Time Crash

Religious Consoldiation

• Spain aggressively advanced their Catholic religion during the by kicking out the Moors to Africa

• The Safavids made Shia the official religion and waged war on other Muslim empires like the Ottoman.

A in Time Crash

Atlantic System

• Sugar grown in the Caribbean with slave labor fueled new economies in Europe, especially individuals

• Portuguese traders brought guns to Africa in order to buy slaves which would be moved to the Americas

S in Time Crash

Slavery

• The Middle Passage from Africa to the Americas resulted in 25% of slaves dying en route

• Women in Africa enjoyed increased rights in home societies as Europeans kidnapped men for slavery

H in Time Crash

Hierarchy Changes

• Mughal king Akbar, a Muslim, ruled a Hindu majority tolerantly in South Asia by creating Divine Faith

• The Spanish used a Caste Society in the Americas to balance European (creole), Amerindian, and slaves

I in Im Swine

Industrialization/Imperialism

• Russia attempted to industrialize and westernize toward the end of the 1800s by using foreign advisors.

• Japan quickly industrialized with the Meiji Restoration and defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War.

• Using Manifest Destiny, the U.S. claimed N. America, the Caribbean and the Philippines for resources.

• At the Berlin Conference, European powers carved up Africa into colonies to obtain raw materials.

M in Im Swine

Migrations

• Chinese migrations after the Opium Wars led to increased Social Darwinism (Chinese Exclusion Act).

• The British used indentured servitude to move laborers around their empire, made easier by steamships.j

S in Im Swine

Social Darwinism

• After the Berlin Conference, Europeans forced their culture (Christianity) upon the people of Africa

• After the Spanish American War, the U.S. deemed Filipinos unfit for self rule, denying them freedom

W in Im Swine

Westernization

• The Ottoman Empire attempted to modernize with the Tanzimat, even decriminalizing homosexuality

• Japan banned Samurai to modernize their military, allowing them to win the Russo-Japanese War

N in Im Swine

Nationalism

• As Indian nationalism grew in the 1800s, the Muslim League showed a deep Hindu/Muslim division

• Based on a common language, Germany unified in the 1870s, increasing its industrial capacity

E in Im Swine

Enlightenment

• Olympe de Gouges fought for both the Revolution and women’s rights during the French Revolution

• Reactions to capitalism led to a call for communism from Karl Marx in order to give equality to workers

A in Aged Facts

Authoritarianism

• Chairman Mao forced nationalism in China with the Cultural Revolution by using the Little Red Book

• Leaders like Hitler and Stalin employed fascism to control economies, education, and communication

G in Aged Facts

Globalization

• The European Union reflected a decline in nationalism and the growth of international organizations.

• Consumer culture crossed national borders with the rise of multinational companies like Nestle.

E in Aged Facts

Empire Continuities

• Japan annexed Manchuria for resources during the Great Depression in the 1930s, leading to WWII.

• The United States used Containment as an excuse to economically imperialize Latin America.

D in Aged Facts

Decolonization

• Though Britain left South Africa, Nelson Mandela fought Apartheid, a racial legacy of colonialism.

• Though Vietnam fought for its freedom from France, it was torn in half due to Cold War politics.

F in Aged Facts

Fall of Empires & Divine Rule

• The Young Turks challenged divine rule by opting for a constitution, basing it on Turkish nationalism.

• Lacking industry, Russia lost WWI and Tsar Nicholas II abdicated, leading the nation to communism

2nd A in Aged Facts

Artificial Nation Building

• European nations divided the Middle East into Mandates after WWI in order to gain resources (oil)

• The Partition of India was a response to failed nationalism in South Asia due to a Hindu/Muslim divide

C in Aged Facts

Cold War & Communism

• Latin American countries like Cuba increasingly embraced socialism in a challenge to American power.

• The Soviet Union liberalized communism with its Perestroika in the 1980s, embracing free markets.

T in Aged Facts

Technological Advancements

• New modes of communication (like the internet) helped to reduce the problem of geographic distance.

• The Green Revolution used pesticides and artificial lighting to increase crop yields around the world.

S in Aged Facts

Social Justice

• Led by Nelson Mandela, people of color in South Africa demanded equality and an end to Apartheid.

• More effective birth control let women challenge patriarchy, increasing education in the Soviet Union.

The helped reform communism in the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union liberalized communism with its in the 1980s, embracing free markets.