Intro to Digital Radiography & PACS

Conventional Radiography (Film-Screen Radiography)

Uses film and intensifying screens in its image formation process.

Digital Imaging

Allows text, photos, drawings, animations, and video to appear on the World Wide Web. Any imaging acquisition process that produces an electronic image that can be viewed and manipulated on a computer

Godfrey Hounsfield (1970's)

The earliest CT unit was built by...in...

Head

The first commercial CT scanners built were made to image the...only

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Was introduced commercially for health care use in the early 1980s

Paul Lauterbur in 1973

(MRI) Several companies began pioneering efforts in the mid to late 1970s after publication of an article by... in...

1970's

Fluoroscopy saw many advances during the... as well thanks to the advances in computer technology

Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

Made it possible to see the dynamic (real-time) image on a television monitor in higher resolution and to store the frames digitally on a computer

Albert Jutras (Canada) 1950s

Introduced the concept of moving images digitally his experimentation with teleradiology in...

Teleradiology

A branch of telemedicine in which telecommunication systems are used to transmit radiological images from one location to another

Computed Radiography or CR (Cassette-Based Digital Radiography)

the digital acquisition modality that uses storage phosphor plates to produce projection images

United Stats in 1983 by Fuji Medical Systems of Japan

CR was first introduced commercially in the .... In .... By .... Of ...

Digital Radiography or DR (Cassette-less)

Uses an x-ray absorber material coupled to a flat panel detector or a charged coupled device (CCD) to form the image.

Indirect capture digital radiography devices

absorb x-rays and convert them into light, the light is then detected by an area — charged coupled device (CCD) or thin-film transistor (TFT) array then converted into an electrical signal that is sent to the computer for processing and viewing

Direct capture devices

convert the incident x-ray energy directly into an electrical signal, typically using a photoconductor as the x-ray absorber, and send the electrical signal to the computer for processing and viewing

Chemicals, technical factors, film/screen

Conventional radiography: Image processed by...;image appearance based on ... and ... combination

Light, quality control station, preset image algorithms

Computed Radiography: Image processed by...; image processing takes place in a ... based on ...

Detected, acquisition console, preset image algorithms

Digital Radiography: Image ...; image processing takes place at the ... based on ...

barium fluorohalide with europium

Most storage phosphor plates today are mad of ... with ... as an activator

PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System)

a networked group of computers, servers, and archives that can be used to manage digital images

VA (Veterans Administration) Medical Center in Baltimore

In 1993, the first full-scale PACS in the United States was installed at the...