psychotherapy - behavior modification

classical conditioning

reflexive response elicited by a new stimulus

operant conditioning

behaviors influenced by consequences

observational learning

learning through observation of another’s behavior

rational behaviorism

learning and performance of responses that have not been directly trained

what are the two types of negative reinforcement?

escape conditioning and avoidance conditioning

escape conditioning

immediate, response-contingent removal of aversive condition that increases frequency of future behavior

avoidance conditioning

immediate, response-contingent prevention of aversive condition that increases frequency of future behavior

extinction

stop reinforcing the behavior

differential reinforcement

reinforce some behaviors but not others or reinforce behavior under some conditions but not others

what are the different schedules of reinforcement?

fixed vs variable, ratio vs interval

shaping

reinforcement of successive approximations of final response

chaining

create a series of behaviors from different behaviors

discrimination

different responses under different stimulus conditions

stimulus generalization

responding to stimuli that is similar to the original stimulus they were trained to

response generalization

when one stimulus evokes different behavioral responses that achieve the same functional outcome

ABCs of behavior

antecedent, behavior, consequence

functional behavior assessment

assess behavior at baseline, determine function of behavior, use information on functions to develop intervention

what are the four steps of a functional behavior assessment?

systematically collect information, generate hypothesis, test hypothesis, devise an intervention

functional analysis

testing, through experimental manipulation, the consequences that control the behavior