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Eighty Years' War
Dutch War of Independence from Spain (1568-1648), began as a revolt of the Seventeen Provinces against the political and religious oppression by Philip II of Spain.
Union of Utrecht
The alliance of seven northern provinces of the Netherlands (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
oligarchy
A government ruled by a few powerful people
urban gentry
The rich upper class of Holland that ruled in an oligarchy
Dutch East India Company
A company founded by the Dutch in the early 17th century to establish and direct trade throughout Asia.
Joint-Stock Company
A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors.
maritime wars
wars fought on the sea by different countries' navies.
Stadtholder
representative of a province in the Dutch Republic, chosen by the province's elite, then usually hereditary after that.
economic stagnation
An extended period of slow economic growth
Wealth Disparity
the unequal distribution of wealth in countries and regions of the world
Rembrandt van Rijn
Considered one of the greatest Dutch Baroque artists. Created masterpieces such as The Night Watch and The Anatomy Lesson.
Jan Vermeer
Dutch painter renowned for his use of light and painting everyday scenes
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