Hist Quiz 2

Polis

Independent city-states in Greece.

Athens

A prominent polis of Greece known for its good navy and democracy.

Sparta

A prominent polis of Greece renowned for having the best army.

Persian War

Conflict between Greece and Persia, which ended with a Greek victory.

Peloponnesian War

War between Athens and Sparta, resulting in a Spartan victory.

Socrates

The father of Western philosophy known for his ideas on rational thought.

Plato

Pupil of Socrates who founded the Academy.

Sophists

Individuals who were paid to teach.

Democracy

A system where participation is based on land ownership, with landowning men voting.

Tyrant

A ruler who took power by force; an example is Pisistratus.

Helot

Enslaved Greek people collectively owned by the state of Sparta.

Cleisthenes

The father of Athenian democracy.

Lycurgus

The creator of Sparta's city-state laws.

Solon

One of the seven sages of Greece who aimed to balance the interests of the rich and poor.

Hoplite

Soldiers who fought for glory, requiring their own equipment and time off for campaigns.

Phalanx

A rectangular military formation with soldiers’ shields overlapping.

Hellenism

The spread of Greek culture due to Alexander the Great.

Stoicism

A philosophy based on the use of logic.

Epicureanism

A philosophy centered on the pursuit of pleasure.

Cosmopolitanism

The idea of being a citizen of the world, diminishing the centrality of the Greek polis.

Euclid

The father of geometry who authored one of the most influential books.

Eratosthenes

Calculated the circumference of the Earth.

Archimedes

Famous for inventing a language for very large numbers and for the saying 'Eureka'.

Philip II

Father of Alexander the Great and known for the Battle of Chaeronea and his assassination.

Alexander the Great

King of Macedonia, Pharaoh of Egypt, and King of Persia who left a significant cultural legacy.

Hellenistic Kingdoms

The divisions of Alexander the Great's territory after his death.

Science

Became distinct from philosophy.

Philosophy

Emphasizes individualism and how to live a good life.

Paterfamilias

The father who has complete control over his family and enforces rules.

Republic

The political system created to replace kingship, featuring the office of consul.

Twelve Tables

The written constitution of Rome, consisting of twelve laws inscribed on ivory tablets.

Romulus

The first king of Rome.

Remus

Romulus's brother, who was killed by Romulus.

Early Roman Myth

The story of Romulus and Remus, who were raised by a wolf after being thrown into a river by their uncle.

Punic Wars

A series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage, all of which were won by Rome.

Hannibal

The Carthaginian general during the Second Punic War.

Consuls

Two men elected annually, advised by the Senate, from both patrician and plebeian classes.