Organic chemistry Test 1 vocab

Structural/constitutional isomer

Isomers with same molec formula but different order of atoms

Isopropyl

Tert-butyl

Isobutyl

Sec-butyl

stereoisomers

isomers that have all atoms in the same connected order

conformational isomers

isomers that can be interconverted by rotation around a single bond

torsional strain

strain caused by eclipsed atoms

steric strain

strain caused by atoms (other than H) being too close together

axial substituent

points straight up or down on cyclohexane

equatorial substituent

points towards or away from viewer in cyclohexane

an equatorial methyl group is ___ kcal/mol more stable than an axial methyl group

1.8

configurational isomer

Stereoisomer that can't be interconverted by rotation around a bond

Geometrical isomer (cis-trans/E-Z)

Configurational isomer where the difference between them is on opposite sides of a ring or double bond

archiral

can be superimposed onto its mirror image

chiral

cannot be superimposed on its mirror image

enantomers

stereoisomers that are chiral

asymmetric center

A central atom that’s bonded to 4 different groups

disastereomers

stereoisomers that are not enantiomers

racemic mixture

An equal mixture of 2 enantiomers