Final Exam Review

Clara Barton

Founder of the American Red Cross, important nurse during the civil war

John Wilks Booth

shot Lincoln at Ford theater, found in a barn and it was set on fire so he would get out

VA bread riot

People looted stores, shops and bakeries during the civil war due to poverty and hunger.

Steaven Douglas and Lincoln debate

series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican Party candidate for the United States Senate from Illinois, Stephen Douglas, the Democratic Party candidate

Erie Canal

Helped with westward movement // transportation of goods // helped make New York a top commercial city // Gave access to rich land // 15 miles

Telegraph

Samuel Morse, huge advancement for long distance communication, morse code

surrender at Appomattox court house

Lee surrendered to Grant, ending the civil war

Indian Removal Act

signed into law by President Andrew Jackson in 1830 authorizing the president to grant lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders.

Andrew Johnson (Bank panic of 1837)

In 1832, it was ordered that the withdrawal of federal government funds from the Bank of the United States. Led to the panic which was a financial crisis in the United States that caused a major depression.

Temperance Movement

Movement to decrease the consumption of alcohol. Carrie Nation took a hatchet to bars smashing alcohol and beer.

Seneca Falls Convention

this demanded full equality for women in American law, churches, and society. Involved Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Cult of Domesticity

Idea that women had certain roles in society. Women should stay home and take care of the house, kids, and husbands. Referred to upper middle class and wealthy white women.

Sectionalism

support of a particular region or section of the nation, rather than the United States as a whole.

Factories

the first of them that were built at water powered mills. These factories allowed for women to work for their own money. They were paid less than men.

Underground Railroad

series of safe houses/stations in which slaves could run to the north and be freed. These slaves would be led by guides called conductors

Harriet Tubman

American abolitionist and social activist, born into slavery and rescued slaves. She used the underground railroad, a network of antislavery activists and safe houses.

Fredrick Douglas

former slave in the state of maryland. Fedrick was a social reformer and abolitionist. Fredrick wrote an autobiography on his life.

Henry Box Brown

Virginia slave, who escaped Virginia in a wooden box. He shipped himself North to Philadelphia.

Celia

slave in Missouri, she was bought by a Missouri farmer, Newsome used her as a sexual slave and raped her, causing her to give birth to his offspring. Celia struck and killed Newsome, she was not allowed to testify because she was a slave.

Free-Soil Movement

the belief that slavery should not be in the western territories of the United States

Brooks-Sumner fight

1856, in the United States Senate chamber, pro-slavery Democrat from South Carolina Preston Brooks, used a walking cane to attack Senator Charles Sumner, an abolitionist Republican from Massachusetts.

Bleeding Kansas

decision on how the rest of the Louisiana territory would be determined on slavery. The decision was determined by popular sovereignty and there was violent rioting.

Slavery before the war

slaves were considered property, and counted as 3/5 of a person

Nat Turner

trusted overseer, also preacher who believed he had a divine mission in leading a slave rebellion. He led the Nat Turner revolt and killed 57 whites that were mostly women and children.

Crittenden Compromise

plan proposed where he wanted an amendment to protect slavery from federal interference in states where it already existed. He also wanted the Missouri compromise line to be extended to the California border.

Missouri Compromise

agreement between Northern and Southern states about which western territories could be admitted into the Union as slave states. This legislation admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a non-slave state at the same time so that the balance of the 36-30 line wasn't disturbed.

Compromise of 1850

pushed back the start of the civil war. California was emitted into the union as a free state. new states had the choice to decide to be a free state or slave state.

Dredd Scott

enslaved African American man who, along with his wife, Harriet, unsuccessfully sued for freedom for themselves and their two daughters in the Dredd Scott v. Sandford case of 1857, popularly known as the "Dredd/Scott decision"-Owners son eventually freed his whole family which was very uncommon during that time

Henry Clay

authorized the American System (a plan for the federal government to guide the nation towards self sufficiency and prosperity.) // He forged the compromise of 1850 which was one of his attempts to avoid the civil war from happening.

John C. Calhoun

A states rights advocate. His doctrine claimed that individual states have a right to reject federal policies that they saw unconstitutional

Abraham Lincoln

16th president of the united states he was president during the american civil war and he was assassinated by john wilkes booth. Aberham Lincoln was a free soiler and he ended slavery in the United states.

Robert E. Lee

General of the Army of Northern Virginia, was the most important general of the confederacy. He would surrender to Ulysses S. Grant at appomattox court house.

Ulysses Grant

general of the union army, defeated the confederates at the battle of shiloh and vicksburg. By the end of the civil war he follows Lee until he surrenders.

10 reasons for the civil war

Slavery // States Rights // Tariffs // Kansas-Nebraska Act // Compromise of 1850 // Missouri Compromise // Bleeding Kanas // The Election of 1860 // Harpers Ferry // Westward Expansion

Battle of Bull Run

Hurried to get men together, unprepared. Tried to attack on the left flank, general johnson checked the union offensive, union retreated, panicked, confederates began to cheer

Battle of Gettysburg

three day uphill battle, lee fights in the North. The turning point of the war

Fall of Vicksburg

in tennessee near the mississippi river their goal was to take control of the MS river, the confederates lost and the union gets the MS river this is the first turning point of the war for the south

Peninsula Campaign:

a major Union offensive against the Confederate capital of Richmond led by Major General George B. McClellan in the spring and summer of 1862, during the American Civil War, their goal was to capture the confederate capital of Richmond

IronClad:

the first metal ships that were used in the civil war by union and confederate sides.

Building of railroads

(two companies) The two companies which connected the east and the west railroad lines would be the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific companies, they were paid in land per mile of track. They would intentionally add curves and more bends then necessary to get all the money they could out of the government. The two companies would meet their railroads in Utah.

Lincoln's Plan:

Proclamation of Amnesty (to forgive) and reconstruction, this means it will pardon all but high-ranking military and civilian confederate officers. It's also called the 10% plan, because when the 10% of the voting population in the state had taken an oath of loyalty and established a government, that would be recognized.

Radical Republicans

they thought that Lincoln did not go far enough. They enforced strict laws and were known for supporting the abolishment of slavery, and holding the south accountable for the war.

Wade-Davis Bill

50 percent had to take oath of loyalty and each state created a new constitution. The radical republicans supported the Wade-Davis bill.

John Wilkes Booth:

prominent actor and was a fervent believer in slavery and white supremacy. Assassinated Abe Lincoln during a play.

13th amendment:

abolished slavery and it helped free African Americans/former slaves get jobs or get educated also help freed African American/ former slaves get labor contracts

14th amendment

It established a constitutional guarantee of basic citizenship for all Americans, including African Americans if they were born in the country.

The 15th amendment

amendment-forbids the states to deny any person the vote on grounds of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

Freedmen's Bureau

The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, usually referred to as simply the Freedmen's Bureau, was an agency of early Reconstruction, assisting Freedmen in the South.

Andrew Johnson's Plan

was to restore the Union, readmitting southern states once they had rewritten their state constitution. Wealthy planters, bankers, and merchants were allowed to make special applications for pardon directly to the president. State Conventions were made to invalidate the secession ordinances, abolish slavery, and repudiate all debts incurred to aid the Confederacy.

Johnson's impeachment

Johnson vetoed legislation that Congress passed to protect the rights of those who had been freed from slavery. This clash culminated in the House of Representatives voting, on February 24, 1868, to impeach the president

President Grant:

Grant led the Union Armies to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War. As an American hero, Grant was later elected the 18th President of the United States

KKK (What did Grant do about them):

a domestic terrorist organization founded shortly after the United States Civil War. Grant signed a bill

Sharecropping

the dominant way for the poor to earn a living, wealthy whites allowed poor whites and blacks to work land in exchange for a share of the harvest.-A lot of people got scammed or unfair treatment through sharecropping

Civil Rights Act of 1875

This act affirmed the "equality of all men before the law". It prohibited racial discrimination in public.

Compromise of 1877:

Rutherford B Hayes vs Samuel Tilden. Democrats will vote for Hayes and the soldiers will be removed from the south, which allowed for more jim crow and other bad behaviors. These soldiers were overseers to make sure everything was going accordingly and that people, specifically black people, were being treated right.

Plessy v. Ferguson:

Plessy (A Black American) bought a first class ticket on a train, a white passenger told him to get up he refused, supreme court then said that the south had to be separate but equal which led to more jim crow and segregation. Although the supreme court said separate but equal in reality the "colored" side had worse/ run down resources.

Jim Crow (Jump Jim Crow):

thomas "daddy" rice sings the song "jump jim crow" in black face and travels around doing minstrel shows for entertainment. This is where we got the jim crow name (jim crow laws)

Dubois V Washington:

a debate on the strategies for black social and economic progress, W.E.B. Debois believed that blacks should be college educated, booker T washington believed that blacks should be technically educated and go to trade school

Magie Walker:

she was a teacher in jackson ward, in highschool she wired at the newspaper for her church and opened an insurance company for women, she quit teaching in 1903 and founded st lew penny saving bank for black people

Carrie Nation:

famous leader and activist before women could vote in America. She believed that drunkenness was the cause of many problems in society. Nation fought with fierce and witty words to make her case that people should not drink alcohol or use tobacco.

Gettysburg Address

lincoln says preserve the union and free the slaves, after gettysburg grant will pursue lee

John Brown

An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves

Anaconda Plan

It called first for the Union Army of the Potomac to defend Washington, D.C., and to exert constant pressure on the Confederate capital at Richmond. Federal Navy blocked the southern ports and cut off the Confederacy's access to foreign goods and weapons. The final plan divided the Confederacy by invading the South along the main water routes running from north to south: the Mississippi, Tennessee, and Cumberland Rivers.