CAD exam 3

late childhood development

internalizing

shy, prone to stomach aches, timid, anxious

externalizing

boisterous, aggressive, jealous, disobedient, temper tantrums

both internal and externalizing behaviors develop ___________

psychopathy

what is the psychological sense of being male or female?

gender identity

when is gender identity developed?

age 2-3

gender identity is followed by gender _______

stability

what is knowing that gender stays the same?

gender stability

when does gender stability develop?

age 3-4

what is gender constancy?

recognizing that our gender is associated with our genitalia

when is gender constancy developed?

age 5

what is nearsightedness called?

myopia

what is the most common visual disorder in children?

myopia

what is the learning disability where you struggle with reading and spelling (phonics)

dyslexia

what are learning disabilities?

difficulty mastering a specific area/task

what are intellectual disabilities?

general cognitive delay in development/subaverage IQ

what is whole language learning?

learning the whole word within context in a sentence

what is phonics?

breaking down words, sounding them out

what is vocabulary growth due to?

taking words and adding prefixes and suffixes

what is metalinguistic awareness?

being aware of your grammar mistakes and knowing how your language comes off to others

what is enrichment

focusing on one task or project for longer

what does special needs mean?

requires more accommodation, disabled, require more help

what are the short term affects of divorce?

kids less adjusted, more conduct problems, school and relationships affected, increase in depression

what are the long term effects of divorce?

typically fine, but higher incidences of anxiety, depression, not finishing high school, drug abuse, more likely to divorce themselves

T/F - intelligence is affected equally by genes and environment

true (50/50)

what is metamemory?

memory about memory

what is working memory?

memory you have to work to retain

concrete operations

logical, but still need things concrete

reversibility

our ability to reverse tasks

effect of less tv

less aggression and obesity

what is the obesity BMI

95% BMI percentile

who said that kids cross the street much later because they wait too long for the road to be safe

plumert et al

what is the leading cause of death in children?

unintentional injuries

how many hours of sleep are kids supposed to get?

10-12 hours

how many hours of sleep do kids actually get?

less than 7 hours

T/F - hearing problems are more common than vision problems

false

what are the three parenting styles?

authoritarian, authoritative, permissive

authoritarian parent

militaristic, high expectations, low support (china)

authoritative parent

high support and high expectations; inductive reasoning

permissive parent

too soft, no expectations with no independence, indulgent or neglectful

indulgent permissive parent

lets kids do whatever they want

neglectful permissive parent

don’t care what kids do

T/F - kids are more likely to do things with parental support

true

exercise

the same up until age 10

ADHD

attention deficits, hyperactivity impulsive

what does comorbid mean?

shows up with other disorders

what is ADHD comorbid with?

common with anxiety, OCD

how does ADHD affect the frontal lobe?

impulsivity disfunction

what is connected to executive functioning and motor control

white matter

T/F - music is better for executive functioning and motor control than sports

true

what increases social competence?

good childcare

prosocial behavior

helping others/volunteering

prosocial behavior is associated with ________ ____________

social competence

power-assertive techniques used by authoritarian parents

I am a parent, you are a child, you will obey me

do kids obey when they have authoritarian parents

they obey when being watched but disobey when not being watched

what is your conscience?

moral code, deep values, internal guidance system, moral GPS

what is the advantage of emotional competence?

positive social and peer interactions

emotional competence is used to its fullest advantage at age what?

3 or 4

T/F - males and females prefer large muscle activities

false (males prefer large muscle activities and females prefer fine motor activities)

what does it mean when kids describe themselves with concrete terms

they describe themselves by shallow things and minimal psychological descriptions (name, age, hobby)

phonological awareness

your awareness to how words sounds when they are spoken

simultaneous bilingualism

learning two languages at the same time (usually in bilingual households)

fast mapping

picking up new words or concepts with brief exposure to meaning

pragmatics

knowing when and how to speak (knowing when is appropriate to speak)

private speech

talking to yourself and practice talking interactions

zone of proximal development

Vygotsky theory that says that older people teach younger people how to perform a specific task

T/F - kid attention span increases as we get older

true

what is the theory of mind?

we all think differently because we are different people

egocentrism

the thought that everyone thinks the same as me; I am the center of the universe

T/F - theory of mind and egocentrism are the same thing

false (opposites)

what is conservation of mass volume and number

when a kid understands that a clay ball is still the same weight and volume when squished

preoperational stage

kids are not capable of doing certain operations and processing logic yet

T/F - kids understand tasks earlier than Piaget thought

true

what are dual representations?

seeing things as concrete and a representation for something else (toy train and real train)

symbolic representation

an object can stand for something else