Studied by 0 people
#APWorldHistory
Gunpowder Empires
Five major gunpowder empires: Ottoman, Mughal, Safavid Empire, Russia, Songhai, Manchu.
Conflict Reasons
Two reasons for conflict: Wanting to expand land (demand>supply) and differing religious beliefs (Sunni, Shi'a).
Imperial
One empire having more authority and exerting that control over foreign territories.
Monumental Architecture
Structure that with past importance (historically ex. Taj Mahal).
Tributary System
System where China had weaker states paying gifts, establishing dominance over foreign neighboring powers.
Devshirme System
Christian families gave up children as soldiers for the empire, converting them to Islam (Janissaries).
Art and Architecture Legitimization
Rulers used wealth to build monumental structures to showcase strength and assert rule.
Example of Art for Legitimization
The Russian Orthodox church built grand churches to promote their culture; the Taj Mahal demonstrated wealth and power.
Tax Farming
A tax collector took up the taxes and paid money to the government but kept some for himself.
Zamindar System
Land owners collected taxes for the government or military.
Martin Luther's Issues
Disagreed with indulgences, priestly power, and papal excommunication.
Protestantism
No pope, no middle person, individuals connect with God directly.
Catholicism
Corrupt with Pope, showcased wealth through massive church projects, practiced indulgences.
Sunni vs. Shi'a Islam
Disagreement on which ruler should succeed the prophet Muhammad.
Sikhism
A blend of Hinduism and Islam, promoting equality and tolerance.
Technological Innovations
Five innovations: Astronomical chart, Lateen sail, Magnetic compass, Astrolabe, Caravel.
Maritime Empires
Five maritime empires: Spain, Portugal, France, England, Dutch (Netherlands).
Trading Post Empire
Empires claiming small land portions for trade control without settling down.
Impact of European Colonization
Brought diseases, enslaved indigenous peoples, overgrazed fields, took over territories.
Hacienda System
Similar to feudal system, with specific roles and responsibilities for colonizers.
Indentured Servitude vs. Chattel Slavery
Indentured servants were legally human with a contract; chattel slaves were considered property.
Cultural Synthesis
Bringing cultures together to create a new one, like Sikhism.
Mercantilism
Wealth measured in precious metals, favorable balance of trade, colonies enrich the mother country.
Joint-Stock Companies
Allowed investors to pool money for explorations, sharing profits and losses.
New Trade Items
Three major items: Tobacco, Sugar, Rum.
Slave Trade Impact on Gender Roles
TransAtlantic focused on males; Transaharan mostly involved women as concubines and servants.
Religious Tolerance in Empires
The Ottoman Empire was mostly tolerant of other religions or ethnic groups.
Qing Empire Tolerance
The Qing Empire was the least tolerant of other religions or ethnic groups.
Castas System Levels
Peninsulares: Born on the Iberian peninsula; Creoles: Born in Americas to Iberian parents; Mestizos: European and Native American; Mulattos: European and African.
Bottom of the Castas System
Africans and Native Americans.
Qing Ethnicity Impact
Manchurian ethnicity allowed them to maintain some of their own ways to legitimize power.
Note 
Flashcard (63)