Unit 6: Developmental Psychology (copy)

Maturation

biological growth processes that bring about orderly changes in behavior, thought, or physical growth, relatively unaffected by experience.

Critical period

a time interval during which specific stimuli have a major effect on development that the stimuli do not produce at other times.

Rooting

the newborn babies turn head when touched on the cheek and attempt to put the stimulus in mouth

Sucking

is the automatic response of aiming anything at the mouth.

Swallowing

is a contraction of throat muscles for food to pass through the esophagus.

Grasping reflex

tighten an object when it is being put around hands

Moro or startle reflex

arch hand when there is a loud noise.

Primary sex characteristics

reproductive organs growth

Secondary sex characteristics

nonreproductive features growth

Stranger anxiety

fear of unfamiliar people

Lawrence Kohlberg

moral thinking

Conventional level of morality

follow rules to live up to the expectations of others, “good boy/nice girl” (stage 3).
to maintain “law and order” and do their duty (stage 4).

Postconventional level of morality

in which they evidence a social contract orientation that promotes the society’s welfare (stage 5) or evidence an ethical principle orientation that promotes justice and avoids self-condemnation (stage 6).

Authoritarian

parents set up strict rules, expect children to follow them, and punish wrongdoing.

Authoritative

parents set limits but explain the reasons for rules with their children and make exceptions when appropriate.

Permissive

parents tend not to set firm guidelines, if they set any at all.

Erik Erikson

recognizing that we continue to grow beyond our teenage years, and our growth is influenced by others.

Preconventional

protecting self
stage 1: won’t steal it
stage 2: self-interest