AP Euro Unit 1 2025

What are the three main components of the basic structure of Medieval Europe?

Feudalism, Manorialism, and the Role of the Catholic Church.

What was the impact of the Black Death on Medieval Europe?

It led to significant population decline, labor shortages, and social upheaval.

What was the significance of the Hundred Years' War?

It fostered national identity and weakened feudalism in France and England.

What was the Great Schism and its impact on the Catholic Church?

The Great Schism divided the Church and led to a crisis of authority and legitimacy.

What were the reasons the Renaissance began in Italy?

Italy's wealth, urbanization, and classical heritage contributed to the Renaissance.

Define 'Humanism' in the context of the Renaissance.

Humanism emphasized the value of human potential and achievements, focusing on classical texts.

What is 'Secularism'?

Secularism is the principle of separating religion from political, social, and educational institutions.

Who was Pico della Mirandola and what was his contribution to Renaissance thought?

Pico della Mirandola was a philosopher known for his work 'Oration on the Dignity of Man', promoting human potential.

What are the new techniques of the Italian Renaissance?

Chiaroscuro, Sfumato, Geometric perspective, Naturalism, Idealism, and Expressionism.

What is the role of patronage in the Renaissance?

Patrons funded artists and intellectuals, aiming to enhance their status and influence.

What is the Commercial Revolution?

The Commercial Revolution refers to the expansion of trade and commerce in Europe during the late Middle Ages.

What were two motives for exploration during the Age of Exploration?

The search for new trade routes and the desire for wealth and resources.

What is the Columbian Exchange?

The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World.

How did the Commercial Revolution impact guilds?

The Commercial Revolution weakened guilds by promoting competition and new business practices.

What was the Price Revolution and who benefitted from it?

The Price Revolution was a period of rising prices; it benefitted landowners and merchants while harming the lower classes.

What is the difference between Triangular Trade and the Columbian Exchange?

Triangular Trade specifically refers to the transatlantic slave trade routes, while the Columbian Exchange encompasses a broader exchange of goods and ideas.

What were two effects of the Columbian Exchange?

The introduction of new crops to Europe and the spread of diseases to the Americas.

What is the enclosure movement?

The enclosure movement involved consolidating small landholdings into larger farms, leading to displacement of peasant farmers.

Compare agriculture in Western Europe to agriculture in Eastern Europe.

Western Europe had more market-oriented agriculture, while Eastern Europe retained serfdom and feudal practices.

What impact did exploration and expansion have on the people of the Americas?

Exploration led to colonization, cultural exchanges, and devastating effects from diseases and forced labor.