Unit 1- Early European Colonization and Formation of the 13 Colonies

What was the Roanoke Colony known as? What were the characteristics/ main things to know?

Lost colony.
*Sir Walter Raleigh- Paid for the Colony
*John White- Governor
*Virginia Dare- First English person born in the Americas
*Tree-CROATOAN

In what year what was the Spanish Armada defeated?

1588

What was Jamestown known as?

Oldest permanent English settlement

Who invented tobacco?

John Rolfe

Leader of the Jamestown colony?

John Smith

What group put money towards the Jamestown Colony for profit?

Virginia Company of London Joint-Stock

What was the Virginia House of Burgesses?

It was a representative assembly

What was Plymouth?

First Massachusetts settlement

What were the group of Puritans called that went to Plymouth?

Separatists

Who was the leader of the Plymouth settlement?

William Bradford

Who was the leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

John Winthrop

What were the main things to know about the Rhode Island colony?

*Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were thrown out of MASS. Bay and came here
*Baptist Beginnings came from here

Who was the minister for the New Hampshire colony

Wheelwright

Who was the minister of the Connecticut colony?

Hooker

What was the name of the first constitution made in the Connecticut colony?

Fundamental Order

Was Maryland Catholic or Protestant?

It was a Catholic Haven

What were the main things to know about the Maryland Colony?

*It was an economic settlement
*The act of toleration was made in this colony
*The Chesapeake region included this colony which was Virginia and Maryland-agriculture

Who was New York (Previously New Amsterdam) occupied by?

Dutch

Who was the leader of Amsterdam?

Peter Stuyvesant

Who bought New Amsterdam from the Dutch

The Duke of York; he did this peacefully and renamed New Amsterdam to New York

Who was the leader of the Pennsylvania colony

Penn; Penn was also a quaker

What was Philadelphia known was?

"The city of Brotherly Love."

What were the main things to know about Delaware?

*It came from the splitting of Pennsylvania
*Lord de la Warr

What was the last colony and in what year was it established?

Georgia; 1733

Who founded the Georgia colony?

Oglethorpe

What was the Pequot War?

a war between the english settlers and the pequot tribe. The Narraganset fought with the English and John MASON was the leader,

What was the New England Confederation?

They had no power and colonies joined against the Native Americans

Which colonies were the Southern Colonies?

*Georgia (Savannah)
*South Carolina (Charles Town)
*North Carolina (Wilmington)
*Virginia (Jamestown)
*Maryland (Baltimore)

Which colonies were the Middle Colonies

*Pennsylvania (Philadelphia)
*New York (Albany)
*New Jersey (Trenton)
*Deleware (Wilmington)

Which were the New England colonies?

*Connecticut (Hartford)
*Massachusetts (Boston + Plymouth)
*New Hampshire (Portsmouth)
*Massachusetts (Maine)

What was Beringia?

A land bridge that the Native Americans crossed to get to Alaska

What were the characteristics of early settlements?

*Hierarchy's
*Different religion
*Different language

What was the oldest civilization in the Americas? What were the main things to know about them?

Olmecs
*Had calendars and various art

Who were the Mayans?

*Lived on the Yucatan Peninsula
*Had extensive irrigation systems and had many cities

Who were the Aztecs?

*Capital city: Tenochtitlan
*Lived in Mexico
*Very organized; had a government that taxed people
*Eventually got conquered by Cortez

Who were the Incas?

*Lived in Cuzco, Peru
*Lived in the mountains because it was hot
*Had extensive road systems and were silver miners
*Eventually conquered by Pizarro

Who were the "mound builders" in North America?

Adena, Hopewell, and Mississippians

Which tribes were in the Southwestern United States?

Anasazi and Hohokam

Who was Bartolomeu Dias?

*A PORTUGUESE explorer
*Went to the Cape of Good Hope

Who was Vasco de Gama?

*A PORTUGUESE explorer
*Made it to India

Who started the African Slave Trade? Where did they transport the Africans through?

The Portuguese started the African Slave Trade and brought them through the Middle Passage

Who was Colombus?

*A Spanish explorer
*Went to the Bahamas

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

*Divided hemispheres between Spain and Portugal
*Spain got everything to the West
*Portugal got everything to the East

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals across the Atlantic Ocean

Who was Vasco Balboa?

*SPANISH explorer
*First European to see the Pacific
*Claimed the Pacific for Spain

Who was Ferdinand Magellan?

*SPANISH explorer
*First to circumnavigate the world

Who was Ponce de Leon?

*SPANISH explorer
*Explored Florida

Who was Hernando Cortez?

*SPANISH conquistador
*Conquered the Aztecs

Who was Malinche?

Was a translator for Cortez

Who was Francisco Pizarro?

*SPANISH conquistador
*Conquered the Incas

Who was Hernando de Soto?

*SPANISH explorer
*Explored the Mississippi river region

Who was Coronado?

*SPANISH explorer
*Explored the US Southwest and saw the Grand Canyon

What was the encomienda system?

a system in which the Spanish had the right to demand labor from Native Americans. The Native Americans would get food and clothing in return

What was the asiento system?

The Spanish would bring Africans as slaves to the New World

What was the oldest settlement in America?

St. Augustine

Who was Cartier?

*FRENCH explorer
*Discovered the St. Lawrence river

Who was Champlain?

*FRENCH explorer
*Founded Quebec
*Developed fur trade with the Huron Indians

Who was La Salle?

First to go to the Mouth of the Mississippi River on the Gulf of Mexico

Who were l'berville and Bienville

They colonized Mobile and New Orleans

What was King Philips War?

War between the English and the Native Americans
*Was done in an attempt for the English to stop taking Native land
*English won because of their guns
*IN MASSACHUSETTS

What was Bacon's Rebellion and what caused it?

Bacon's Rebellion happened because the Royal Governor, Governor Berkeley, as people wanted protection from the Native Americans. IN VIRGINIA

What were corporate colonies?

Colonies that were operated by joint-stock companies

What were Royal colonies?

A colony controlled directly by the English king

what were propietary colonies

Maryland and Pennsylvania; were under the authority of individual charters of ownership by the king