Chemistry module 1

What does filtration do?

It separates an insoluble substance from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture.

What is filtrate?

Filtrate is the liquid that remains after filtration.

What is residue?

Residue is the insoluble solid left in the filter paper after filtration.

What is evaporation?

Evaporation is the process where heat vaporizes a solvent, leaving only the solute.

What is crystallisation?

Crystallisation is when crystals are formed by dissolving an impure substance in liquid, heating it, and then allowing it to cool.

What does it mean when a mixture is supersaturated?

It means that more ions are dissolved due to a higher temperature.

What is undersaturated?

A solute that is able to dissolve more.

What does saturated mean?

No more solute will dissolve at this temperature.

What is simple distillation?

A method where two miscible liquids are boiled, and the one with the lower boiling point vaporizes and is collected.

What is fractional distillation?

A method of separating liquids with similar boiling points.

How does fractional distillation differ from simple distillation?

Fractional distillation is better for separating liquids with similar boiling points and uses a fractionating column with beads.

Can you give an example of liquids that fractional distillation can separate?

Ethanol and water.

Can fractional distillation be used industrially?

Yes, it is used to refine crude oils.

What is Centrifugation?

Centrifugation separates a mixture with liquid of different densities and sizes, where denser liquids fall to the bottom.

What is a separating funnel?

A device used to separate liquids of different densities that do not dissolve into one another.

What is chromatography?

A method used to separate a mixture of dyes.