Chemistry module 1

what does filtration do . It is used to separate an insoluble substance from a liquid which when mixed together forms a heterogeneous mixture What is filtrate and residue? filtrate is what liquid left over from filtration and residue is the insoluble solid left in the filter paper what is evaporation when a solute is mixed in a solvent and the heat vaporises the solvent leaving only the solute what is crystallisation where crystals are formed and then removed by dissolving an impure substance in a liquid through heating up the mixture and letting it cool, leading to the crystals to form what does it mean when a mixture is supersaturated when more ions are dissolved at due to the temperature being higher what is undersaturated a solute that is able to be dissolved more what does saturated mean no more solute will dissolve at this temperature. simple distillation when two or more liquids are miscible into each other and are boiled and the one with the lower boiling point vaporises and is collected into the other beaker. However this only works when the two liquids have a vastly different boiling temperature What is fractional distillation? A method of separating liquids with similar boiling points. How does fractional distillation differ from simple distillation? Fractional distillation is better for separating liquids with very similar boiling points and fractional distillation has an fractionating column ( an extra tube filled with beads) Can you give an example of liquids that fractional distillation can separate? ethanol and water. Can fractional distillation be used industrially yes it can as it is used to refine crude oils what is Centrifugation It is used to separate a mixture with liquid of different density and size. the denser liquid falls to the bottom what is a separating funnel Liquids of different densities and are unable to dissolve into one another can be separated using a separating funnel. What is chromotography? A method used to separate a mixture of dyes