Term two APUSH I.D.S

Compromise of 1877

Was a deal that gave the republics presidency. Also restored democrats to power in the south
This ended reconstruction 10 years after it had started

Scalawags and carpetbaggers

Carpetbaggers who had come south for wealth and power. Scalawags poor ignorant whites. Sought to profit from republican rule. Easily manipulated.

John Brown

seven men including four sons and son in law to the papataween Creek. Killed 9 men shot one and rant the others with swords

Steven Douglas

ran against Abraham Lincoln. is from Illinois. lost the election because the Democrats had a second guy run

Ostend manifesto

A.k.a. the Austin circular. Written in 1854. Wanted the US to purchase Cuba. If Spain did not sell it to them, then they should go to war over it. Contributed to the slave debates

Crittenden plan of compromise

When did permanently establish slavery. Wanted to make it unconstitutional for the future Congress to destroy slavery. Did not pass. Had a lot of support from the south

Freeport doctrine

Started by Stephen Douglas, that settlers in US territory could current the Supreme Court dred Scott. Was first presented in 1858

Presidential liberty laws

Was meant to protect the blacks from neighbors from an angry self. Wanted it also not a fair hearing. Dedicated to prevent the kidnapping of free blacks

William H Stewart

Secretary of State in 1861 to 1869. Governor of New York. Praised for helping the union. Purchased Alaska

Lecomton constitution

Was brought up in Nebraska. Was a pro slavery constitution. Both pro slavery, constitutional convention, and the free state legislative commune to have an elect for the constitution

Kansas, Nebraska act

Appealed the Missouri compromise. Created two new territories. Allowed popular sovereignty. Produced bleeding Kansas

Daniel Webster

Served on Supreme Court. One a business to grow. Was more about the economy than slavery

Fugitive slave act

Cause that anyone could claim that a black was a runaway slave and that they were the owner. Awarded judge $10 if they return to slave five dollars if it was not a runaway slave. Do not have to be proven it just was a sworn oath

Charles sumner

Talked about how they needed to get rid of slavery. Called people out. Was hit with the cane 5 to 6 times. Did not return to the Senate for three years

Gadsden purchase

American bought some land from Mexico
The legislative slashed 9000 mi.² from the purchase

American or know nothing party

Claim that they knew nothing about the current events. Do not have a national presence

Stephen F Austin

Was a neutral Mexican citizen. Led the first Americans into Texas

Zachary Taylor

Was a general in the US Army. Was deployed at purpose, Christie. Was the US president. Helped in New Mexico, Texas, Oregon, and California

James K Polk

During his administration, the US expanded by 50%. Gained half of the east territory. Claimed California and New Mexico

Nativism

What is a reaction against immigrants of different ethnic and or backgrounds. Formed parties. One of them was the no nothing party or American party. Took place mainly in 1840

The great famine

Ireland cannot grow as many potatoes. Also known as potato famine. Cosmetic immigrants to come to America

The Alamo

Around 200 people fought Mexican forces here. Was an abandoned mission. The Americans killed 700 Mexicans compared to 200 Americans. Siege lasted two weeks. Battle lasted for one day.

The Overland Trail

We route Westward to Oregon and California. Last people who went on this trail went together. Carried about 11,500 people to different locations. About 2700 reached California

Manifest destiny

Used lofty language. Said that the US was destined to expand Westward

Wilmot proviso

Tried to ban slavery 1846 to the US Congress. Meant mostly for the territories that they would get in the Mexican American war

California gold rush

Cause lots of people to go to California. Many people left after the tree of Goapele. Brought lots of people and lots of immigrants. Help set up California. Helped with the rest of the Oregon Trail

Mission system

Formed by the Spanish spread Christianity. About 21 missions before the Spanish empire collapsed. Taught Indians to farm and become civilized

Bible riots

Fight over what Bible was to be used in school?. Mainly happened in Philadelphia. Lead to the death of 16 people and the destruction of 30 buildings

Squatter sovereignty

Also known as popular sovereignty. Proposed that said dealers in new territories should decide on the issues slavery, depending on the need and ability to afford them

Webster Ashburton treaty

Was conducted by Daniel Webster. Settled dispute over Maine Canada border with Great Britain. Tyler wanted to build support of this to become president again

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Brought an end to the American Mexican war. Increased Americans land by 50%. Helped with Mexican American relationship

Tredegar iron works

Was the fourth largest producer of iron products. Was established in 1846. Was at its peak in 1860. Established by William Greg in town of textile Mills

Underground Railroad

Hope black slaves escape. Harriet, Tubman and Harrison or part of this. Fewer than 1000 slaves escaped to the north or use the Underground Railroad

Kinship Ties and networks

Was where every buddy called others, brother, sister, cousin, and uncle. Helped bring them closer together. With adopt kids whose parents had been sold

People of pine barons

Were people who lived in the backwoods. Was more of a rule area. Was a derogatory return

Pigeon

Was a common language spoken by slaves who spoke many languages. Had no native speakers, but people with different languages could communicate with it. English pigeon was a simplified language. Do not use correct English sometimes use a double negative

Free southern blacks

WereBlack people who lived in the south. Many lived together. And also were very successful. Alabama eventually kicked them out. Sometimes own slaves themselves. Did everything they could with what they had

Spirituals

Was a religious song. Reflected, powerful emphasis that slaves had different trials. Or most of the time saying when they were down and we're having a hard day

Plantation system

Was a system where slaves were planned. Worked slaves very hard

Upper and lower south

Upper south More is reliant on factories. Lower south more alliance on slaves. Without slaves, there would not have been an old south

Pro slavery argument

Thought that the Bible supports slavery. Believe that people had to be oppressed. Said that if slaves left, then their economy would collapse. Said that they were bringing

Southern code of honor

Where people wanted a reputation for proper conduct. Promoted honesty, strong marriages, self sufficiency, and mastery

Harriet Tubman

Ran away as a slave. Became free in the north. Helped other slaves escape back to freedom. Was never caught freeing slaves

Denmark veesey

In 1822 planned to attack Charleston, South Carolina. Wanted to see cities arms and munitions. Other slaves informed authorities. Conspirators were executed

Gabriel prosser

Planted a slave uprising. Was a Virginian slave. Was betrayed by other slaves and executed. Happened in 1800

Nat Turner

Was a slave. Lead a rebellion. Killed many whites. Malitta men put on the rebellion. Was leader caught and killed after his rebellion was put down

Trent affair

The American ship stopped the British ship and took two envoys from Confederate states. Caused a crisis between Britain and America. Eventually, released them to the confederacy

New York draft riots

Was mostly starred by the Irish in German factory workers. Do not want to lose their job to a free black. Did a lot of damage to the city

Peninsula campaign

Major union operation launched in Virginia. Led by McCllen

Cotton diplomacy

Was believed by the Southerners that would help them win the war. Believed that the British and France would support them because they needed the cotton. Believed that they could try cotton for food and supplies

The border slave states

Were the states that if lost would possibly mean the end of the war in the south favor. Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky. Those all eventually abolish slavery by themselves

George B McClellan

Was a Democrat nominee for the election of 1864. Promised to end the war and let the south break off

William T Sherman

Captured Atlanta in September boosted northern morale. Went across Georgia and South Carolina. Created a total war
Led Sherman's march. Devastated the north
Saw all Southerners as enemies. Destroyed railroad lines and many economies crippling the south. Destroyed $1.5 billion in today's money worth of stuff

National bank act

Allowed banks to obtain federal charters, and issue national bank notes. Hope the union during and after the war. Was not supported by Democrats

Greenbacks

Was paper money. Used by the union to finance the war. Was dependent on the public's confidence in the government. Became acceptable to pay public and private debts

Morrill land grant act

Was created in 1862. Gave land to states to create colleges and boost education

Emancipation proclamation

Was a measure that freed all slaves under rebel control. Wanted states that were rebellion to come back as they would be able to keep their slaves. No states came back caused the war to become blatantly about slave slavery, and France and Britain could not enter the war

Battle of Antom

Also known as Sharpsburg. Happened September 17. Was a strategic victory for the north. Cause to retreat and step in to help. Emancipation proclamation issued after the victory

Anaconda plan

Took most of the war to work. Started in 1861. Set by the north to strangle the south for a quicker war. Wanted to seal off the confederacy from the rest of the world

Ulysses S Grant

West Point graduate. Drink heavily. Stabilized control of Missouri and Kentucky. Proved to be a good and capable general. Was promoted to General Washington's military position

Robert E Lee

Was the confederate general army of North Virginia. Was boldly willing to accept casualties. When he surrendered the confederacy ended. Was considered the best. West Point graduate

Panic of 1873

Was a five-year depression. Within two years 18,000 businesses went bankrupt and 3 million people were unemployed by 1878. Fed off disputes of a currency that began in 1865 greenbacks.

Thaddeus Stevens

Are you for the confiscation of large confederate states? Wanted to humble the proud traders. Wanted to provide for former slaves. Proposed subdividing property into 40 acre tracks among the freedom. Men then sell the rest to pay off the war debts.

Ku Klux Klan

Started in the spring of 1866. Started by six confederate war veterans in Tennessee. Was called a social club. Had elaborate rituals costumes and secret passwords. By 1868. It had become a terrorist movement targeting blacks.

Wade Davis bill

A military governor would rule each former confederate state. After half of the eligible voters took an allegiance to the union delegates would be voted by them. Voters would also have to take oath swearing that they had never voluntarily supported the confederacy.

Black codes

Intended to ensure landless dependent black labor force. Guaranteed freedom to Mary, own property, make contracts, and testify in court against other blacks.

Civil rights act of 1866

Made African-Americans US citizens. Had the same civil rights as other citizens. Authorized federal intervention to ensure black rights in court.

Reconstruction act of 1867

Created after President Johnson took office. Created many things like the freedom Bureau, and radical republicanism. Divide political parties. Did a little in the two year span.

Tenure of year of office act

Prohibited the president from removing civil officers without Senate consent. Wanted to borrow Johnson from the Secretary of war. Banned him from also issuing military orders except the commanding general.

Andrew Johnson

Only Southerner to remain in Congress when his state succeeded. Served as military governor of Tennessee from 1862 to 1864. Believed that the succession was treason. Lost control over the reconstruction policy. Barely survived that impeachment in 1868.

Sharecropping system

Was the most widespread movement. Landowners subdivided large plantations and farms of 30 to 40 acres. Rented them to freedom. Rented for the Freeman's half crop to sell. Helped preserve the plant's elite.

Radical Republicans

Advocated for African-American suffrage. One broad support for their proposal. Led by sadist Stevens and Charles Sumner. Called for full civil rights for Freeman without compromise.

Enforcement act

Between May 18 70 and February 1871 Congress passed the enforcement acts. The first protected, black voters. The second provided federal supervision of southern elections. The third, also known as the KKK act, authorizes the use of federal troops and could suspend Habeas corpus.

Henry Clay's omnibus bill

Consisted of six terms. Bring California into the union. Stricture laws for fugitive slaves. Not indentured slavery to New Mexico. Reimburse Texas for costs incurred for its war with Mexico. Abolish slavery in Washington DC.

Freedman bureau

Was a federal agency. Headed by union General 00 Howard and staff by army officers. Provided relief Russians, medical and schools for free blacks. Put blacks to work on confiscated lands. Protect protected their rights. Powered to run special military courts.

Barrios

Places to work and trade. Created to meet local craftsmen and for the working class.

Helen hurt Jan Jackson

Published a century of dishonor in 1881. Was meant to rally public opinion. Said that every place of Indian history shows its dark stain.

Oklahoma sooners

Sooners is a name given to settlers who entered the Indian lands early. One land in Oklahoma people were waiting along the barrier to claim land. Some people jumped the gun and went ahead.

William Frederick Cody

A.k.a. is Buffalo Bill. This part of the wild West show. Part of a thing where he runs up Indians as a hero.

Interstate commerce act

Approved 1887. Created to oversee the construction of the railroad. With this railroad, he became the first in the industry

Wounded knee

The seventh Cavalry rounded up 340 starving and freezing Sioux. A shot was fired. Within minutes 300 Indians were killed. Soldiers retaliated with cannon. People are dumped into mass graves.

Frederick Jackson Turner

Declared that the frontier is gone. Gone with it for the first time. Period based on a census from the bureau. Was inaccurate. His article reflected the people's thoughts.

Comstock lode

Open mining operations in the west. Period uncovered in Denver. Cause people to look for gold and silver.

Homestead act

Reflected the Republican party's belief to promote economic opportunity. Offer 160 acres of land if you paid the registration fee of $10. Had to live on the land for five years and improve it.

The Pacific railroad act of 1862

Passing 1862. Authorize the construction of a new transcontinental link. Provided grants of land and subsidize money for each mile laid down. Made them the largest landowners in the west. Accelerated transportation of everyday life west of the Mississippi.

Ghost dance

Created by WAROKA. Spread among the SIOUX. Said that Whiteman would disappear and that their old native waves would return 100% along with the buffalo.

The Dawes severalty act

Was passed on to civilized Native Americans. Wanted to distribute tribal land to civilians in 1887.

Carlisle Indian school

Created in Pennsylvania. Was a flagship of Indian schools. Found out in 1879 through 1918. After the US entered World War I it was closed.

John Weasley Powell

Was a US major. Was also one armed veteran. Charted the Colorado river through the Grand Canyon in 1869. Was an explorer who wrote eloquently about the beauty of the west. Believed it was necessary for nature to be conserved.

John Muir

Was a Scottish immigrant. Grew up in Wisconsin. In 1869 moved to California and loved the redwood forests. Campaign for their preservation. Played a major role in wilderness preservation.

Yellow dog contracts

Is in agreement between an employer and an employee. It says the worker cannot join a union. Outlawed in 1932. A.k.a. the infamous document.

Terrence V. Powderly

An American labor union originally established as a secret fraternal order and noted as the first union of all workers. It was founded in 1869 in Philadelphia by Uriah Stephens and a number of fellow workers. Powderly was elected head of the Knights of Labor in 1883.

Eugene V. Debs

Head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman strike; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. While in prison, he read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America.

Haymarket bombing

A.k.a. a Marc massacre. Started at a rally in support of eight hours. Someone threw dynamite at the police. Please try to break up the rally. Killed the seven officers and forced civilians.

American Federation of labor

Created in 1886. Created when the craftsman left the knights of labor. Focused on skilled craftsmen. Was led by Samuel Gompers. Replaced the night vision with practical bread and butter tactics.

Knights of labor

Formed in 1869. Welcomed all wage earners. Wanted equal pay for women. Wanted to end child, labor, and convicted labor.

National labor union

Endorsed an hour day movement. Insisted that labor deserved eight hours for work eight hours for sleep eight hours for personal. Endorsed immigrant restrictions, especially Chinese immigrants.

Edward Bellamy looking backwards

Envisioned essential state run economy. Wanted everyone to work for the Commonwealth

Henry, George progress and poverty

Self taught newspaper, editor. Proposed to solve nations uneven distribution of wealth. Proposed even tax. Land should be taxed. Was almost mayor of New York City.

Chinese exclusion act

Placed a 10 year ban on Chinese immigrants. Was expanded until 1903. Was not repealed until 1943. Was widely supported.