M11 Interventional Cardiology Lecture Review

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to interventional cardiology, aiding in exam preparation.

What are the 4 primary interventions performed in interventional cardiology?

Angioplasty, stenting, atherectomy, and thrombectomy.

What does PCI stand for in the context of interventional cardiology?

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Compared to a diagnositc catheter a guiding catheter has a ____wall and ______lumen

Has a thinner wall and larger lumen

What is stiffer, a guiding catheter or a diagnostic catheter?

guiding catheter

stiffer to provide support for advancing the balloon-stent catheters into the coronary artery

What are the three features of guiding catheters

1. 1. Braided wall stiffer body than diagnostic catheters

2. 2. Larger lumen

3. 3. Thinner wall

Coronary stenting may result in re-narrowing of the affected area within 6-months of intervention. What is the term to describe the healing process contributing to vessel restenosis?

HINT HEALING PROCESS

options

late stent thrombosis

intimal thickening

neointimal hyperplasia

atherosclerosis

NEOINtimal hyperplasia - HEALING PROCESS THAT CONTRIBUTES TO RESTENOSIS.

not thrombosis because this is a clot that usually occurs after a year

intimal thickening does describe a pathological process but rather just an observation

atherosclerosis is the process of plaque buildup in the arteries not restenosis after stenting where the answer is specific to ISR

What is the normal aortic valve area

3-4 cm²

grading of Ao stenosis

Mean gradient < 25 mmHg, AVA > 1.5 cm²

Mild

grading of Ao stenosis

Mean gradient > 40 mmHg, AVA <1.0 cm²

Severe

grading of Ao stenosis

Mean gradient 25 - 40 mmHg, AVA 1.0 - 1.5 cm²

Moderate

Mean gradient < 5 mmHg, AVA 3.0-4.0 cm²

Normal aortic valve function; indicates no significant stenosis.

When should you consider using a distal protection device? choose 2

during renal artery stenting

during SVG intervention

during carotic intervention

during rotational atherectomy

carotid intervention

SVG - SVGs are fragile and full of loose junk because they weren’t made to handle that kind of pressure, turbulence, or cholesterol rich blood flow and when theyre turned into grafts they age like milk. VG’s get rapid atherosclerosis much faster than arteries

What are the three types of angioplasty balloons?

Compliant, non-compliant, and semi-compliant.

Describe what FFR stands for.

Fractional Flow Reserve.

What is a common use for a MitraClip?

To treat mitral regurgitation.

What are some common materials used in the construction of stents?

Cobalt-chomium

stainless steel

nitinol

What is the purpose of the left atrial appendage closure?

and what patients benefit from it the most

To reduce the risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation patients who are unable to take anticoagulants

which is the hemostatic valve

A. tohouy burhst valve

a medical device, often used in interventional procedures, that helps to seal off blood vessels and minimize fluid loss during catheter insertion and manipulation

The pericardium is a fibro-serous sac surrounding the heart. This structure consiststs of how many layers and

what are the layers called

two layers: the outer fibrous layer and the inner serous layer that has parietal and visceral components.

what device is 3

Tandem heart

What device is number 4

ECMO

a treatment for coronary calcification that can result in burr entrapment is a complication of which device

Rotablator

what device is this

bonus

this is a complication of this device, what is happening

rotablator, entrapment

Flextome is what kind of device

boston scientific cutting balloon

name a coronary orbital atherectomy system

CSI cardiovascular systems INC

Diamondback 360 coronary orbital atherectomy

what device is this

angiojet

equalization of RVEDP and LVEDP is found in which of the following

constrictive pericarditis and cardiac tamponade.

The mitral valve closes immediately after what hemodynamic waveform

a wave

The closure of the mitral valve is marked immediately following the a wave in the atrial pressure tracing, indicating atrial contraction.

Dicrotic notch on the aortic waveform represents

the closure of the aortic valve, indicating the end of systole.

In the crushing sten bifurcation technique, which stent is deployed first and which is deployed second

side branch or main branch

first is side branch with 1/3 of its length sticking out into the main branch, and second is the main branch stent, which is deployed to cover the remaining lesion.

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